Environmental Science

Introduction Push-pull technology is a strategy that has been used for a long period of time. This technique involves controlling agricultural pests by using repellent “push” plants and attractive “pull” or trap plants (Pretty and Williams, 2015, p. 24). For instance, cereal crops such as maize and sorghum are often infested by stem borers. Grass planted around the perimeter of the crop attracts the insects and is used to trap

Introduction The agricultural sector is the mainstay of Kenya’s economy. Ideally, the sector is a major contributor to the growth and development of our economy, and as such, it contributes 24% of the Gross Domestic Product and 27% of the Gross Domestic Product indirectly through linkages with manufacturing, distribution and other related services. Since the sector approximately contributes to about 45% of the Government Revenue, the Government has been keen

National Guidance Introduction Hurricane Katrina changed the ways in which the United States conducts domestic disaster relief, especially with the expanded role of the United States military. On August 29, 2005, it hit the Louisiana and Mississippi border and left twenty thousand New Orleans residents stranded. Thousands sought refuge on rooftops without food and water as they struggled to avoid the floods. Federal and local governments worked tirelessly to rescue

There is no doubt that land is a scarce resource. Therefore, there is a need to use it wisely. One of the ways is by improving the land so that it can produce a lot. In countries like China, there are standard indicators on how land is used for both rural and urban settlements. The land used for water conservancy and transport facilities is influenced by regional and governmental policies.

Introduction Urbanization is the growth of cities and the increasing concentration of people and economic activity in urban areas. It can occur through migration, natural population growth, administrative reclassification, and expansion of built-up land. The United Nations’ World Urbanization Prospects 2025 reports that cities are now home to about 45 percent of the global population, while towns and other urban settlements contain additional people. The environmental consequences are therefore central

Ocean Plastic Pollution and the Need for Immediate Action The ocean makes up the most crucial part of the life of every living human being, other living creatures, and plants. The living human beings and animals require water and oxygen for survival. About half of the oxygen available in the atmosphere comes from the ocean. The water covers more than 90% of the existing planets in the atmosphere. In the

Technology and the Monitoring of Natural Disasters Natural disasters affecting the different parts of the world are, in most cases, found to be caused by natural phenomena. Modern technology has, in the recent past, given us the opportunity to know beforehand where disasters will hit and the type of catastrophe it will be. This has been of great help to the people since it provides time for preparation for the

Introduction Before we study the notion of global warming, it’s important to understand the definitions of weather and climate. Weather can be defined as the condition of the atmosphere at a particular time and a particular place. On the other hand, climate refers to the long-term patterns of weather that describe the region (ccir.ciesin.columbia.edu). The term ‘global warming’ refers to the increasing average temperature at the fastest rate in recorded

Introduction Farming emerged with the evolution of human beings on planet Earth (Schlesinger et al., 1990). Humans need food for a living and for growth, so they use the land to grow crops on it and to get food from it. The degradation of the land in the dry sub-humid, semi-arid, and arid regions because of human activities and climatic variations results in the desertification of the Earth. Almost one-third

Artificial Islands and the Environmental Health of Marine Systems The paper discusses the construction of artificial islands and their impact on the environment, threatening the health of the seas. An artificial island is a stationary hydraulic structure in an open water area (seas, lakes, rivers), built from bottom and coastal soils, natural and artificial ice, fragments of rocks, stone, etc., in a specific geographical location for a long-term and unlimited

Eutrophication is the enrichment of water with nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, to a degree that alters biological production, oxygen conditions, water clarity, species composition, and human use. Nutrient enrichment is not inherently abnormal: lakes naturally receive nutrients from soils, vegetation, rainfall, and decomposing organic matter, and many water bodies become more productive over long geological periods. The environmental problem arises when human activities accelerate that process and deliver nutrients

Abstract Seawater contains dissolved salts that make it unsuitable for direct human consumption. This paper presents a safe school-level investigation of whether distillation can separate water from dissolved salt. The experiment uses evaporation and condensation to collect distilled water while leaving most nonvolatile salts in the boiling container. Salinity is evaluated through electrical conductivity or total dissolved solids measurements rather than taste. The paper explains the scientific basis of desalination,

Climate, Weather, and the Basis of Climatic Classification Climate is a major discipline that plays a vital role in our day-to-day, year-to-year life. It is therefore paramount to understand in depth what climate is because it plays a significant role in various activities of our lives ranging from agriculture, travelling programs, sea and air travel, and the arrangement of different calendar events, among others. Besides, we are currently experiencing ever-increasing

Introduction Retaining walls are commonly designed with classical earth-pressure theories that assume the backfill extends far enough for a complete failure wedge to develop. In urban construction, bridge abutments, basements, and walls built close to a rock cut or another rigid boundary, the backfill may be too narrow for those assumptions. The original essay correctly identified soil arching, stiffness differences, active and passive pressure, discrete-element analysis, and geotechnical investigation as

Introduction Climate change is the changing of weather patterns that can last for several years. It may refer to changes in the weather conditions or to the time disparity of weather (Eccleston, 2010). Environmental change has become a very serious issue and has gained a lot of attention from policymakers, the media, and the general public. People are so concerned that if these changes continue at the current pace, it

Erik Larson’s Isaac’s Storm talks about a hurricane that occurred in 1900, precisely on September 8. The storm took place in Galveston, Texas, a city of innovative development and technology. It reduced the town’s development to ruins. In the book, Erik drives home several thematic concerns, the most conspicuous of which is the dangers of overconfidence. The Weather Bureau, led by William Moore, had a palpable impudence that made it

Introduction Plastic water bottles are convenient, lightweight, strong, and capable of delivering safe drinking water where public supplies are unavailable or disrupted. Those benefits explain their widespread use. The environmental problem arises when a package designed for minutes of use becomes persistent waste, when extraction and manufacturing occur at enormous scale, and when collection systems fail to return the material to productive use. The most common disposable water bottles are

Introduction: Globalization refers to a worldwide phenomenon encapsulating the concept of “increasing interaction between the people across the boundaries.” (Ghemawat, 2011; International Monetary Fund, 2008). It refers to the context in which values, ethics, trends and morals are diffused amongst people on an international scale. Moreover, Levitt (1993) has highlighted globalization as a term stigmatized to the fusion and flow of trends in a global market. However, several organizations and

Introduction The geodynamics of the mountain ranges involve a lot of elements. The study of mountains revolves around multiple things, such as the history, the climate, the role of respective areas, the cultural experiences and the difficult topographical features. Without any doubt, all the mountain climbers so far claim to have experienced the most amazing incidents during their climbing practices, which have changed their lives completely. Despite the fact that

Introduction Climate change affects migration through sudden disasters, slow environmental degradation, damaged livelihoods, public-health stress, and conflict risk. The original essay correctly connects ecological harm with racial inequality, colonial extraction, and the unequal burden placed on communities that contributed least to greenhouse-gas emissions. It also uses “climate refugee” as though it were a settled legal category and states a simple causal relationship between warming and violence. The evidence supports a