Effects Of Active Earth Pressure On The Retaining Walls In Narrow Back Fill
Soil arching occurs when there is a difference in the stiffness of the soil and the structure bordering the soil. This happens depending on which of the two is harder. Is it the soil or the structure? If the structure is harder, then the soil load will arch into the structure, and if the soil is harder, it will arch away from the structure(Shahir 2018). The vertical composition of the

