Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory condition characterized by persistent symptoms and airflow obstruction caused by abnormalities of the airways, alveoli, or both. It is not simply an umbrella that includes all chronic lung diseases. Asthma and bronchiectasis are distinct conditions, although they may coexist with COPD and complicate diagnosis or treatment. Chronic bronchitis describes chronic cough and sputum production, while emphysema refers

