Criminology

The three categories of criminological theory used to explain drug use The three broad criminological theories for drug use include biological, sociological, and psychological theories (Akers, 2013). Biological theories argue that certain individuals are susceptible to drug use and addiction due to genetic reasons. According to biological theories, such individuals have a higher likelihood of experiencing extremely powerful effects and, consequently, become psychologically and physiologically dependent on certain drugs. Psychological

Robert Martin proposed structural strain theory, and according to him, social structures and social pressures are put on people to achieve the desired goals and, therefore, lead individuals to commit crimes. There are five modes of adaptation: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion. Conformity is when cultural goals are achieved through approved means, such as someone who joined the political party because the family is aligned with that party, whereas

Introduction Juvenile delinquency represents the constant process of being involved in criminal activities, mainly concerning a young person who falls within the age limit and is eligible for the standard criminal prosecution process. Juvenile delinquency persists in society in different forms; it can also be associated with children that are found to be misconduct and have weaker parental control, in this regard, is to be blamed for it. However, a

Although crime has a punitive connotation, it is not universal. An act of crime in the US might not be categorized as a crime in India. Crime is usually punishable and prohibited by the legal system, and crossing those legal boundaries engenders crime if the place where a person lives is considered offensive and criminal. Similarly, crime is not universal or fixed. Therefore, the legal system of countries is based

Abstract This document focuses on the vital role played by capital punishment in the deterrence of crime. The issue of capital punishment has been at the heart of the debate on measures to reduce the growing rate of crime. Some people argue against the death penalty on moral grounds. However, a majority of the criminals who are merely incarcerated show no signs of deterrence once they get out of prison.

Various historical and economic reasons lead to the preference of alternatives to incarceration in jails for the offenders. Thus, the alternatives are meant to ease some of the burden that is caused by having too many offenders in government jails. Some of the reasons behind the decision include the following: To Ease The Government’s Financial Burden Crime ranges from the small things to major aspects. In any case, all the

Introduction The Penal Voluntary Sector is a book that exhibits the relationships between charity and punishment; these kinds of relationships are becoming more common in countries around the world. Recently, over the years, the feature has significantly been in policy in both Wales and England. There are numerous Penal voluntary organizations that have been delivering probation and prison services under contracts, and there is room to expand. However, these organizations

Introduction Solicitation, attempt, and conspiracy are considered to be crimes that are incomplete. According to the law of the United States of America, even if the crime is not committed fully or the attempt of it is completed, the person who was found in such acts will be held accountable. The cases that are being heard in the courts under these circumstances have to go through all the procedures of

Background Nowadays, in the UK, gang crimes are increasing and are playing a significant role in other criminal activities, such as riots, black market trading, drugs, and other violent activities. The gang crime in the UK is concentrated around the cities of Liverpool, Manchester, and London. The local authorities are trying their best to overcome gang crimes and are introducing several legislations for this purpose, but they have so far

Introduction Mental illness and crime have a very close link with each other. The complex and the sophisticated relationship between both came under discussion by numerous psychological researchers. Those individuals having problems with anxiety, depression, or another form of mental disorder can have a criminal act. The number of people who require help, and in this regard, mental disorders are still higher than the availability of professionals. Similarly, among the

Introduction This study focuses on poor impulse control and mental disorders in the trials of offenders, which are observed in criminal proceedings. There have been cases where crime offenders with genetic mental disorders tend to show less self-control over their offenses. Studies have concluded that federal authorities treat these offenders more badly compared to normal offenders. It is also believed that the negative incidents that occurred in the childhood of