Mathematics

Abstract: A correlation coefficient is a statistical measure that helps determine the degree to which changes in one variable predict changes in another. Wang’s single-valued neutrosophic sets have been further developed into pentapartitioned neutrosophic sets. In this article, we analyze the characteristics of pentapartitioned neutrosophic Pythagorean sets with improved correlation coefficients. We have also used the same approach in multiple-attribute decision-making methodologies, including one involving a pentapartitioned neutrosophic Pythagorean environment.

Literature Review Economic globalization since the early 1900s has influenced multinational companies to expand their business by establishing International Baccalaureate schools. This influence has placed a high demand on international professionals around the world as companies have expanded their IB school business to Eastern Europe, Latin America, East Asia, and surrounding countries. In developing countries, people respond negatively to local schools because of their poor-quality education, failure to meet international

Stochastic Computation and the Problem of Uncertainty “Fast Numerical Methods for Stochastic Computations: A Review” was written by Dongbin Xiu and published in Communications in Computational Physics in 2009. The paper provides a detailed review of developing computational techniques used for stochastic computations, particularly in scientific and engineering problems where uncertainty plays an important role. Xiu’s review focuses mainly on efficient high-order numerical methods, with special emphasis on approaches based

Shewhart charts are used to display data in the form of a graph and present the variations that may be present in the data. It is similar to a run chart and uses the x and y-axis to present data variables in chronological order. It can be divided into subgroups, making it easier to observe the variations in data over time. In the chart, a line presents the data points,

Statistics is a branch of mathematics that deals with the analysis done with the help of models and representations of any provided data set or any real-life data. It deals with the methods and ways to collect and analyze data, apply a suitable test or model to the data, and extract information by plotting the results. Some of the measures that are used in the subject are mean, variance, regression

Introduction Spherical geometry studies figures drawn on the surface of a sphere, where the shortest paths are arcs of great circles rather than straight lines in a plane. The original essay correctly recognizes that flat maps distort routes and that geodesics connect geometry with Einstein’s general relativity. It confuses several historical periods, treats Earth as a perfect sphere, and suggests that ordinary road-routing software works by dividing an arbitrary surface

Introduction to Statistics Statistics is the subject that deals with the information gained by the data. Studying statistics helps us to apply appropriate and different techniques for the collection of data, analyzing and examining it, and concluding the results. Statistics can also be defined as a complex but useful process with the help of which we are able to make scientific discoveries, make choices on the basis of data, and

The aircraft-sales problem provides fifty weeks of historical observations and asks for the probability of selling zero, one, two, or three planes in a week. The original calculations are correct: zero aircraft were sold in forty weeks, one in eight weeks, two in one week, and three in one week. The original explanation misidentifies the method as subjective probability. Because the estimates come directly from observed frequencies, the best approach

In statistical analysis, hypothesis testing is an essential factor. The primary purpose of a statistical study is to help us perform hypothesis testing. A hypothesis can be described merely as an educated guess about a specific process. Its validity is always tested either through observations or experiments, and then its own conclusions are made about the hypothesis to determine whether it’s true or false. One basic function of a hypothesis

Geometry began as practical knowledge about measurement, construction, astronomy, surveying, and navigation, but it gradually became a model of deductive reasoning and then a collection of many mathematical structures (Stillwell, 2010). The original essay follows this broad development from Egyptian and Babylonian practice through Euclid, non-Euclidean geometry, projective and analytic methods, Riemannian geometry, Hilbert’s axioms, and Lie groups. Its central idea is correct: geometry did not remain a single description

Introduction The term “fractals” refers to an unbounded pattern of composite geometric objects that provide a means of visualizing and measurably observing a range of analogous conceptual and real-world occurrences across diverse scales in an iterative manner (Falconer, 2013). They are very helpful in the modeling of structures that have similar or progressively recurring small-scale patterns. A good example of such a structure is a snowflake (Di Leva, 2016). Fractals