Biology is the science of life. Biologists study the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution and distribution of living organisms.

Mitotic Chromosome And Cell Cycle

Background To The Mitotic Cell Cycle Mitotic can be defined as the type of eukaryotic cell division that creates two daughter cells with similar genetic elements as their parent cell. Cells behave almost the same way when they replicate and therefore, chromosomes replicate the same during the S phase to make sure that each daughter cell formed as a copy of the chromosome. However, the cell cycle is the series

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Biomedical Models Functionality

The biomedical model has been in existence since the mid-19th century. It focuses on biological factors, which exclude environmental, psychological, and social influences. It is regarded to be the leading modern method used by healthcare professionals to diagnose and cure certain health conditions in several Western countries (Wade & Peter, 2014, p. 25). The biomedical model deals with diseases that are caused by biological factors. However, the advantages of the

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Human Digestive System

The human digestive system comprises the intestine tract and the digestion organs. It involves the diet and assimilation of the food we eat. A healthy digestive system is crucial to the body’s immune and helps to overcome almost 70% of health conditions. Acne inflammatory and chronic skin condition characterized by pimples in the skin is common in adolescence. It is caused by inflammation of sebaceous glands. The glands produce the

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Fungal Pathogens Associated With HIV Infection

The prevalence of fungal infections has increased drastically over the last decades, especially among patients with HIV type 1. Fungal diseases are some of the emerging diseases and mostly infect individuals with HIV type 1 (Bouckenooghe and Shandera, 2002). Some of the most common fungal infections include candida and Cryptococcus. Other fungal infections among HIV-infected patients include endemic mycoses histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, penicilliosis, blastomycosis, and aspergillosis. These fungal infections have manifested

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Fungi At A Glance

Introduction Fungi/ Funguses (that are singularly called fungus) belong to the clan of eukaryotic organisms. This group comprised many other microorganisms as well, including mushrooms, moulds, and yeast. Classification Evidently, the Fungi’s kingdom is based on five underlying phyla; these phyla are classified according to their approach to reproduction or by considering their molecular data. In this context, polyphyletics become unconnected because this type of fungi conducts the reproduction process

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Cellulitis Disease Prevalence And Treatment

Introduction Cellulitis is a skin infection caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, particularly when the physical skin barrier, the immune system, and the circulatory system are impaired. It manifests itself in the human skin as reddish, swollen, and tender parts. The disease is devastating and easily spread across the human body, hence making it painful. The largely affected part of the human body is the lower limbs, though other areas

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Comparison Of Knowledge Attitudes And Behavior Towards Hiv/Aids Among Males And Females Population Of Pakistan Province Wise According To PDHS 2012-13

HIV is a Human Immunodeficiency Virus that leads to HIV infection. AIDS is an Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus, one of the most life-threatening stages of HIV infection. The virus destroys the immune system of the human body, leading to life-threatening conditions in later stages. The PDHS 2012-13 reports the knowledge, attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS, and behavior towards HIV/AIDS in the population of Pakistan. The respondents were asked about knowledge, their accepting attitudes,

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The Advancements in Genomics by Improving Drug Designs and Modern Vaccines for Treating Infectious Diseases

Abstract The significant advancements in the genomic regime have shifted the focus of therapeutic developments and vaccination to sequence-based approaches from a microbiological orientation. It has been observed that the genome sequences offer the research to identify the mechanism of pathogenesis for the purpose of designing new vaccinations and drugs and their effect on the patient’s health with the prescribed issues, immunomics, proteomics,  structural genomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and genomics. With

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Recent Advancement In Understanding Micro-Shear Banding Polymers

Introduction There have been great advancements in the fields of science and technology, and by extension, we have come to know more about the complex and intricate nature of polymers. In this paper, we will discuss a little about what polymers are and explore the fields in which polymers are used for different purposes. There are three fields that we will discuss, try to understand, and ascertain more about polymers.

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How Are The Steroids In Professional Sports Affecting The Middle School Athletes?

Abstract In recent decades the use of performance-enhancing drugs is being used more and more by professional athletes and middle school athletes throughout the world. There are many controversies referring to the topic of steroids nationwide. This research paper will examine exactly what steroid is and how the use of steroid by professional athletes is affecting middle school athletes. The paper also identifies why middle school athletes tend to use

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Zinc As A Micronutrient In Humans

Zinc is a micronutrient found in foods that we consume. The nutrient has many benefits to the human body, and it is essential for us to consume foods that are rich in zinc for proper body growth. The mineral was first established to be essential to the body of humans in 1961. This paper will focus on how zinc is essential to the body and what benefits it brings to

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The Elimination Of Mother To Child Transmission Of HIV In Cuba

Geographic Area: Cuba Health Condition: In the 1980s, when every Sub-Saharan African country was concerned about HIV/AIDS, Cubans also introduced a rigorous system to test the possibility of HIV in the citizens, but only a few affected people were found. However, a 1.2 per cent prevalence of HIV was reported among pregnant women in 2005, constituting 16 women out of every 137000 women. The total prevalence among people aged 15

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The adulthood phase of Life

Life-span developments involve studying the development of humans from conception moment to death. Throughout a lifetime, there are so many psychological barriers one should overcome so as to continue developing psychologically. A number of age groups exist, and each has unique barriers to tackle, without which one may stay stuck if not accomplished (Bernstein, 2012). Psychological development includes social, cognitive, physical, personality, emotional, perceptual, and intellectual growth. The lifespan developmental

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The structural and biological details of the human growth hormone

The study aims to discuss the structural and biological details of the human growth hormone. The human growth hormones are a class of biosynthetic hormones that work inside the body, and people use them for various biological functions such as muscle strength, body toning, weight loss, and anti-aging. The physiological effects on the body, the benefits of the hormones, and their cons will also be discussed in the paper. Moreover,

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Macrolide anti-Toxin protection

Louis Celine once stated, “Even ailments have lost their glory; there aren’t such huge numbers of them cleared out. Think it over… no more syphilis, no more applaud, no more typhoid… anti-infection agents have removed a large portion of the disaster from solution.” ( Uic) February 14, 1929, was a day that changed the historical backdrop of medication (Penicillin). The groundbreaking disclosure of penicillin was the prologue to the universe

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Understanding the genetic enhancement of embryo health issues

Introduction The symbolic interactionism perspective emphasizes that health issues are social constructions. Thus, health problems or conditions have no objective since health conditions are considered an issue if they are defined by the people in society. Therefore, the symbolic perspective has assisted in studying the interactions between patients and healthcare professionals. Symbolic interactionism relies on symbolic interpretations people make and use in the process of social interactions (Knöbl, 2010). Thus,

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Photosensitizes For Photodynamic Therapy Of Tumor (PDT)

Introduction The idea of photodynamic therapy (PDT) started in 1900. The discovery was made accidentally by a medical student in Munich who found that microorganisms like paramecia can be killed if they are exposed to light but not when kept in the dark. The moment it was discovered that the presence of oxygen in the air was essential for the light-mediated death effect to occur, it led to the coining

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How the environment influences human biology

Epigenetics is the vast study of the modifications that occur in gene expressions. There are many causes of gene expression modifications. Scientists have discovered many ways in which genetic structures and endogenous human development are affected. One of the most concerning factors is the environment and the surroundings in which an individual lives. Disease resistance, daily routines, diet, stress, chemicals, and the atmosphere could be included afterward. The main aim

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What is Ribonucleic Acid?

RNA is known as Ribonucleic acid. RNA, similar to DNA, has significance in biology and biological mechanisms. The RNA structure and its use have been in the research setting where the scientist is trying to modify the structure of nucleic acid in the body to find the information and pathway to diagnose diseases. RNA editing is a process at a molecular level where some cells lead to a discrete change

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human cloning advantages and challenges

With the use of modern technology, man has been able to create life. Scientists have done the research and performed successful experiments that have cloned pigs, sheep, and various organs. While there is virtually no limit on cloning animals, there are vast limitations on cloning anything involved with humans. There are people on certain sides saying that man should not be able to create another human through cloning because it

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