Organism
Genus Species |
Gram Reaction |
Morphology |
Diseases Caused |
Symptoms of Disaese |
Bacillus |
B. cereus |
Gram- Positive |
rod-shaped bacilli with square ends
Flagella driven motility |
Foodborne illnesses such as the emetic (vomiting) syndrome and the diarrhoeal syndrome. |
- severe nausea vomiting, and diarrhea due to indigestion of the infeceted food
|
Bacillus |
B. Anthracis |
Gram-Positive |
- Rod-shaped bacterium
- endospore-forming
|
- Anthrax: Pulmonary Anthrax, Gastrointestinal Anthrax
Usually caused to livestock and human beings |
- Fever and chills run through body
- Discomfort in Chest
- Shortness of breath
- Confusion or dizziness
- Cough
- Nausea, vomiting, or stomach pains
- Headache
- Sweats (often drenching)
|
Bartonella henselae |
B. henselae |
Gram- Negative |
- Rod shaped bacteria
- No flagella
- Twitching motility
|
cat-scratch disease (bartonellosis) |
- papule at the site the microbe entered
- aches, nausea, and abdominal pain,
- malaise
|
Bordetella |
B. pertussis |
Gram-Negative |
- rod-shaped, coccoid
- Motile
|
Respiratory infection such as pertussis or whooping cough |
- Rapid coughs followed by a high-pitched “whoop” sound.
- Vomiting during or after coughing fits.
- Exhaustion after coughing fits
|
Borrelia |
B. burgdorferi |
Gram-Negative |
- Rod shaped bacteria with helical flagella
- spirochete bacterium
|
Lyme disease caused by Blacklegged ticks |
- fever, headache, fatigue
- Causes skin rash called erythema migrans.
|
Campylobacter |
C. Jejuni |
Gram- Negative |
slender rods
have one or more helical turns
Motile
common spirillum bacterium |
Campylobacter or human gastroenteritis (Foodborne disease) |
- inflammatory, sometimes bloody diarrhea
- mostly including stomach cramps, fever and pain
|
Chlamydia |
C. trachomatis |
Gram- Negative |
- coccoid or rod-shaped and require growing cells to remain sustainable
|
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
Chlamydia
- Infection near the testicles (epididymitis).
- Prostate gland infection
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Infertility
- Reactive arthritis
|
- Painful urination
- Vaginal discharge in women
- Discharge from the penis in men
- Painful sexual intercourse in women
- Bleeding between periods and after sex in women
- Testicular pain in men
|
Clostridium |
C.Botulinum |
Gram-Positive |
- Cells of most strains occur as straight or slightly curved rods
- Motile with the help of peritrichous flagella
|
Botulism |
- Paralysis
- Poisoning
- Difficulty swallowing
- Muscle weakness
- Double vision
- Drooping eyelids
- Blurry vision
- Slurred speech
- Difficulty breathing
- Difficulty moving the eyes
|
Clostridium |
C. difficile |
Gram- Positive |
- Rod shaped
- motile by peritrichous flagella and spore forming in nature
|
- Clostridioides
- Severe diarrhea and colitis (an inflammation of the colon)
|
- Watery diarrhea ( in worst cases10 to 15 times a day)
- Abdominal cramping and pain, which may be severe
- Rapid heart rate
- Dehydration
- Fever
- Nausea
- Increased white blood cell count
- Kidney failure
- Loss of appetite
- Swollen abdomen
- Weight loss
- Blood or pus in the stool
|
Clostridium |
C. perfringens |
Gram- Positive |
|
Food poisoning
Diarrhea |
diarrhea and stomach cramps
profuse vomiting (instant vomiting after intake of food)
indigestion of food
nausea |
Clostridium |
C. tetani |
Gram-Positive |
- Enlarged and tennis racket- or drumstick-shaped when forming spores
- Usually rod shaped
- Motile with the help of flagella
|
Tetanus |
- Jaw cramping.
- Sudden involuntary muscle tightening (muscle spasms) – often in the stomach
- Painful muscle stiffness all over the body
- Trouble swallowing
- Jerking or staring (seizures)
- Headache
- Fever and sweating
- Changes in blood pressure and fast heart rate
|
Corynebacterium |
C. diphtheria |
Gram-Positive |
- non-motile, non-encapsulated, non-sporulating
- rod-shaped
|
Diphtheria |
- Difficulty breathing
- Heart failure
- Paralysis, and even death
|
Gardnerella |
G. vaginalis |
Gram-Variable |
- Non-motile
- Slow growing bacillus
- Non-spore-forming
|
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) |
- Thin, gray, white or green vaginal discharge.
- Foul-smelling “fishy” vaginal odor.
- Vaginal itching.
- Burning during urination.
|
Haemophilus
|
H. influenzae |
Gram-Negative |
- bacilli or coccobacilli with random arrangements
- rod shaped
|
- Pneumonia
- Bloodstream infection.
- Meningitis.
- Epiglotittis
- Cellulitis
- Infectious arthritis
|
- swelling in the throat
- inflammation of the joint
- Fever and chills.
- Excessive tiredness.
- Pain in the belly.
- Nausea with or without vomiting.
- Diarrhea.
- Anxiety.
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
- Altered mental status (confusion)
- Fever
|
Helicobacter pylori |
H. pylori |
Gram-Negative |
- Spiral shaped or Helix shaped
- Curved or straight rods
- Motile with the help of its flagella
|
- Peptic ulcer
- Chronic gastritis
- Risk factor for gastric carcinoma and Gastric B-cell lymphoma
|
- Burning pain in your stomach after eating anything
- Unplanned weight loss.
- Bloating
- Nausea and vomiting (bloody vomit)
- Indigestion (dyspepsia)
- Burping
- Loss of appetite
- Dark stools
|
Klebsiella |
K. pneumoniae |
Gram-Negative |
- Non- Motile
- rod-shaped bacterium
|
- Urinary tract infection (UTI),
- Pneumonia
- Intra-abdominal infection,
- Bloodstream infection (BSI),
- Meningitis
- Pyogenic liver abscess
|
- Fever
- Chills
- Coughing
- Yellow or bloody mucus
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Burning while urination
|
Legionella |
L. pneumophila |
Gram- Negative |
- Thin pleomorphic
- Flagellated
- Non-spore forming
|
Legionnaires’ disease |
- Cough
- shortness of breath
- high fever
- muscle pains, and headaches
- Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur.
|
Listeria |
L. monocytogenes |
Gram- Positive |
- Non-spore-forming
- Motile
- Rod-shaped bacterium.
|
- Listerosis
- Sepsis
- Meningitis
- Encephalitis
- Intrauterine infections
- Spontaneous abortions in pregnant women
|
- Headache.
- Stiff neck.
- Confusion or changes in alertness.
- Loss of balance.
- Convulsions
|
Mycobacterium |
M. leprae |
Gram-Positive |
- Rod-shaped bacterium
- Parallel sides and rounded ends
|
- Hansen’s disease (Leprosy)
|
- Discolored patches of skin, usually flat, that may be numb and look faded (lighter than the skin around)
- Growths (nodules) on the skin.
- Thick, stiff or dry skin
- Painless ulcers on the soles of feet
- Painless swelling or lumps on the face or earlobes.
- Loss of eyebrows or eyelashes
|
Mycobacterium |
M. tuberculosis |
Gram- Positive |
- Non-motile
- Large rod-shaped bacterium
|
Tuberculosis |
- Phelgm producing cough
- Weight loss.
- Night sweats.
- High temperature.
- Tiredness and fatigue.
- Loss of appetite.
- Swelling around the neck
|
Mycoplasma |
M. Pneumoniae |
Gram-Negative |
Elongated Shape or
- spindle shaped pleomorphic bacterium
|
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Primary atypical pneumonia,
- Tracheobronchitis and upper respiratory tract disease
|
- sore throat and hoarseness,
- fever
- produce non-bloody sputum
- in worst case causes ulceration and
|
Neisseria |
N. gonorrhoeae |
Gram- Negative |
- coccus which is present in pairs (diplococci) kidney/coffee bean shape
|
Gonorrhea |
- discharge from the vagina (watery, creamy, or slightly green)
- Pain or burning sensation while urinating.
- Heavier periods or spotting
- Sore throat
- pain during sexual intercourse
- sharp pain in the lower abdomen
- Fever
|
Neisseria |
N. meningitidis |
Gram-negative |
- Coffee-bean shaped diplococci
|
- Meningitis
- Meningococcemia
|
- Fever and chills.
- Fatigue (feeling tired)
- Vomiting.
- Cold hands and feet.
- Severe aches or pain in the muscles, joints, chest, or abdomen (belly)
- Rapid breathing.
- Diarrhea.
|
Providencia |
P. Stuartii |
Gram- Negative |
- Straight rod
- Flagellate bacterium
|
Urinary tract infections |
- Fever, dry mucous membranes, suprapubic tenderness, and flank pain in pyelonephritis
|
Pseudomonas |
P. aeruginosa |
Gram- Negative |
|
- Malignant external otitis
- Endophthalmitis
- Endocarditis
- Meningitis
- Pneumonia
- Septicemia
|
- Ears: pain and discharge.
- Skin: rash, which can include pimples filled with pus.
- Eyes:pain, redness, swelling.
- Bones or joints: joint pain and swelling; neck or back pain that lasts weeks.
- Wounds: green pus or discharge that may have a fruity smell.
- Digestive tract: headache, diarrhea.
|
Rickettsia
|
R. rickettsia |
Gram- Negative |
- Rod-shaped or variably spherical, non-filterable bacteria
- Non-motile
|
- Tibola
- Lymphangitis-associated rickettsiosis
- Epidemic typhus
- Sylvatic typhus
- Murine typhus
|
- Sudden fever, chills, and headache
- Malaise and myalgia
- Nausea, vomiting
|
Salmonella Serotype Enteritidis |
S. Enteritidis |
Gram- Negative |
- Rod-shaped
- non-motile bacteria
- non- spore formation
|
Gastroenteritis |
- Diarrhea, fever
- Abdominal cramps
|
Salmonella enterica serotype typhi |
S. Typhi |
Gram- Negative |
|
Typhoid fever |
- Sustained fever
- Weakness,
- stomach pains
- Headache, loss of appetite
|
Staphylococcus |
S. aureus |
Gram- Positive |
|
- Impetigo
- Boils
- Cellulitis
- Folliculitis
- Carbuncles
- Scalded skin syndrome
- Abscesses
- Pneumonia
- Septic arthritis
- Toxic shock syndrome
|
- blisters, abscesses, and redness and swelling
- fever, rash, dangerously low blood pressure
|
Streptococcus |
S. mutans |
Gram- Postive |
- Round bacterium
- Appear in chains
|
- Dental Carries
- Bacteremia
- Infective endocarditis
|
- Fever, chills, sweats
- Anorexia
- weight loss,
- Malaise
|
Streptococcus |
S. Pneumoniae |
Gram-Positive |
- lancet-shaped
- Non-Motile
- 100 known serotypes
|
Meningitis |
- Fever, Cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, stiff neck,
- Confusion increased sensitivity to light, joint pain, chills, ear pain
- Irritating behavior
- In severe cases, hearing loss,
- Brain damage, and death
|
Streptococcus
|
S.pyogenes |
Gram- Positive |
- Round shaped (Cocci)
- Extracellular
- non-motile
- non-sporing
|
- Pharyngitis
- tonsillitis
- Scarlet fever
- Cellulitis, erysipelas
- Rheumatic fever,
- Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
- Necrotizing fasciitis
- Myonecrosis
- Lymphangitis.
|
- Cough.
- Rhinorrhea.
- Hoarseness.
- Oral ulcers.
- Conjunctivitis
- Body ache
- Blur vision
- High fever
- Unable to gulp food
|
Treponema |
T. pallidum |
Gram- Negative |
- spirochete bacterium
- helically coiled
|
|
- Fever
- Swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, and fatigue
|
Vibrio |
V. Cholerae |
Gram-Negative |
- Highly Motile
- Comma shaped
|
Cholera |
- Profuse watery diarrhea,
- Vomiting
- Thirsty feeling
- Leg Cramps
- Restlessness or irritability
|
Yersinia |
Y. pestis |
Gram- Negative |
- Non-Motile
- Coccobacillus bacterium
- Without spores
|
- Plague
- Bubonic Plague
- Pneumonic Plague
|
- Fever, chills, head and body aches, and weakness, vomiting and nausea.
|