Discuss Evaluation And Crime Prevention, Physical Environment And Crime, Neighborhood Crime Prevention.

1. Types Of Evaluation:

The investigation of the crimes being committed or probably having the chance of commitment is evaluated under one of the most effective evaluation categories known as the Frugal evaluation. This type of evaluation is pivoted around the concepts of action research for the evaluation of the crime. This action research is of two types, given below:

1. Problem-Solving Approach
   1. scanning
   2. analysis
   3. response
   4. assessment
2. Situational Crime Prevention (it is the most flexible form of crime prevention and evaluation)
   1. collect data on a specific crime problem;
   2. analyze the situational conditions in which the problem exists
   3. study ways to block opportunities for offending
   4. implement the most promising strategies
   5. Monitor results and apply them to similar problems.

2. Theory And Measurement In Evaluation:

Often, the evaluation overshadows the importance and significance of choosing the right measurement variables and leads to distorted evaluative results. In order to achieve precise results, it is important to concentrate on the theory along with the evaluative measures as well. For the evaluation to be efficient and effective, it is important to have a firm theoretical base and foundation.

3. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design:

Often, measures are taken to alter the geographical conditions and situations in an attempt to prevent the crime rate and occurrences. Such types of alterations are called “Crime Prevention through Environmental Design” or (CPTED). The concept of CPTED evolved from Newman’s model known as the “defensible space”. In this approach, the following changes can be made:

1. changing architectural designs;
2. enhance territory and surveillance;
3. target hardening;
4. Identification of the legitimate users of that area.

4. Impact Of Physical Design:

The impact of physical design can be direct or indirect and can be described in three types as follows:

1. Type 1: effects measure the direct impact, including lights, locks, fences, etc.
2. Type 2: effects measure the direct impact of the intervention factors;
3. Type 3: directs impact of intervening factors on the crime.

5. Neighborhood Crime Prevention:

One of the most effective ways of crime prevention is the effective use of neighbourhood crime prevention measures. It has been under practice for more than fifty years. Following are some types of the approach:

1. Neighborhood/Block watch;
2. Community anti-drug programs
3. Citizen patrols
4. Police Community Involvement;

6. Evaluation And Impact Of Programs:

Once proper evaluation has been done on the crime scenes, it can be used to reduce the impact of the crime on society and bring down the ratio of the fear of crime. The impact of the prevention programs and strategies can also be further enhanced.

7. Citizen Participation And Support:

However, in order to make any strategy or program successful, it is essential that the participation and support of the citizens must be confirmed. Otherwise, it is impossible to control the ratio of crimes.

Question # 4

The prisons are meant to be the departments of corrective measures, reinforcement of socially and morally acceptable attitudes and rehabilitation of criminal-minded individuals. Having such objectives, it is wise for the state-wide jails to conduct programs similar to the Angola Jail to raise funds for the rehabilitation of the inmates. Although there may be several potential risks, the benefits seem to outweigh those risks. The more intense and well-financed the rehabilitation program is, the more chances exist that a number of female prisoners are likely to be released. One of the most effective and risk-free rehabilitation programs is led in the prisons, state-wide. “Lipscomb University in Tennessee has begun offering courses to the inmates at the Tennessee Prison for Women. For the first time ever in that state, courses are being offered at the college campus as opposed to the prison. This allows inmates to attend classes with college students enrolled at the university, giving both an opportunity to learn from one another. Of the 70 inmates who applied to the program, 15 inmates were selected” [1].

This will add several benefits, such as the early release of female prisoners, which will help them get associated with society in a better way. Secondly, the overpopulation of the US jails will also be resolved to a certain extent, and the trust in the prison authorities will be regained as they will have the reputation of being more of the rehabilitation experts than harsh punishers.

References

[1] http://ncpc.typepad.com/prevention_works_blog/2007/01/title_needed.html