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The Freedom Movement (CORE, SDS, SNCC)

In 1961, CORE National Director James Farmer organized an attempt to integrate bus stations and interstate buses into Deep South with the Freedom Rides series. Freedom Riders were groups of black and white civil rights advocates traveling by bus to challenge segregation in interstate traffic in the southern states. The first freedom pilots left Washington, DC, on two buses that went to the states of the south. Freedom equestrians found brutal violence on the part of whites opposed to racial integration. An unidentified white man threw a bomb at an open bus window outside Anniston, Alabama, and the “Freedom Riders” were beaten by a white crowd after leaving a bus on fire. One of the pilots suffered brain damage from blows. In Birmingham, Alabama, another pilot required more than fifty stitches after the impact of the metal tube. Start the exhibitor and the exhibitor.

The first two Freedom Ride buses were abandoned after ten days. But in the summer of 1961, more than 1,000 Americans participated in the Freedom Rides. John Lewis, who will soon become a celebrated head of civil rights, wrote at a time when he would “give up all those necessary for freedom,” that Justice and Freedom can reach the “deep South.” Press, and remains one of the most memorable events in the history of the civil rights movement.

James Farmer, co-founder of the Congress of Racial Equality and president during the Freedom Rides of 1961. Image courtesy Wikimedia Commons.

Young Americans for Freedom (YAF)

“Young Americans for Freedom” (YAF) began in September 1960, when activists gathered at the home of William F. Buckley, Jr. in Sharon, Connecticut, to create a young national movement embodying the “new” conservatism of the time in which, among others, economic liberalism and socialism were and were strongly anti-communist. These principles were explained in what became Sharon’s statement. YAF bosses soon appeared on US campuses, and in 1961, the group began publishing The New Guard.

YAF has played a major role in Barry Goldwater’s conservative election in most liberal Nelson Rockefeller as a Republican candidate for the United States presidential election in 1964. Goldwater in the vast majority lost, but this process has inspired YAF leaders Mobilize in other topics. In 1965, the group launched a campaign to impede US business with the communist countries. Also, as protests against the Vietnam War and civil rights activism spread in US cities, the YAF has taken a conservative dress. However, in the late 1960s, the organization was faced with an internal division, and the number of members was then divided with the YAF and formed the (1971) Libertarian Party.

Antiwar Movement

It is one of the most diverse forces in US history in the century, in the early 1960s, with campaigns to protect civil rights. The anti-war movement consisted of a series of independent interests, often closely linked and insecure to many problems, but united against the Vietnam War. University campuses, Middle Eastern villages, unions and state institutions with national regulations in 1965 were finalized in 1968 and remained intact during the conflict. The anti-war movement in the political, racial and cultural spheres has shown a deep separation of American society in the 1960s.

The movement resumed solidarity after several awkward moments. In February 1970, news of Lee’s murder was publicly published and raged. President Nixon, who completed the maintenance plan, announced in April that US forces moved to Cambodia in April. A few minutes after the TV show, the demonstrators spoke in a new direction. Later on May 4, a group of Protestant students at Kent State University at the Ohio State Guard entered the office, killing four people and injuring sixteen. A time far away from death was now reachable. New groups, Nobel Prize winners, the State Department, and the American Union of Civil Liberties, have defended the withdrawal of troops. The Congress began to threaten Nixon’s administration with regulatory issues. When the first issue of the Pentagon’s New York Times was published on June 13, 1971, Americans understood the true nature of the war. Illegal drug trafficking, political assassinations, and confusing bomber stories have led some to believe that military and intelligence services have lost their responsibilities. It was previously overwhelmed by anti-Americanism. Anti-war attitudes have become a typical reaction to the extreme reaction of Zeeland. America has been rejected; Because it is institutionalized against the war. In January 1973, when Nixon proclaimed the end of the United States involvement, he did so in response to an unprecedented mandate in our time.

Counterculture Movement

In 1960, especially among young people and the collapse of values ​​was a time when the long-term norm. Many college men and women have become a political activist against the war and the civil rights movement and have been the driving force of the movement. Other young people, apparently because of the culture and lifestyles dominant “reserved” and separate themselves. It seems to weaken attitudes towards sex and women, the traditional role of society to open a homemaker and mother who has entrusted it appears to have begun to protest.

Founded in 1960, the Michigan State University’s Democratic Society (SDS), the new left was the organizational basis. “New Left” refers to government, universities, and trade in criticizing the lack of individual freedom and the power of bureaucracy and calls for participatory democracy in the Port Huron Statement was prepared in 1962. SDS leader was considered a natural base for Promoting the social change of the university. Before opposing the Vietnam War, dress codes for student freedom, course requirements, exposure to discrimination against women, and issues such as the recognition of minorities and fraternity were current issues in the campus. In the fall of 1964, when he tried to take control of the political activities of the University of California at Berkeley, freedom of movement was created. Meanwhile, the tactics that use to enter university buildings sit in Berkeley’s students; war has become a common form of protest against. SDS, in the spring of 1965, supported a national campaign against the project. Events in campus fire extinction projects organized protests against military conflict and ROTC programs. Also, it is closely linked to military efforts, such as napalm manufacturers such as Dow Chemical, have been targeted when they come to college to be hired. Demonstrating against the out-of-field war seemed to be observers and military siege in the center.

Women’s Liberation Movement/National Organization for Women (NOW)

National Organization for Women (NOW), was founded by a group of feminists who actively participated in the fight against gender discrimination. There are 500,000 members and 550 chapters in all 50 states; now it is the largest organization of feminist activists in the United States. From the time of the constitution in 1966, the goal now is to “guarantee equal conditions for all women” to “take action” was. “NOW” the original mission statement: “EGA the purpose of every privilege and a true sense of responsibility of men to the rule of American society today by applying the Equality Partnership Framework is taking action to ensure full participation” (National Women’s Organization).

NOW: in the workplace, in schools, in all other sections of the judiciary and society to get rid of discrimination and harassment; Abortion Safe, Birth Control and Breeding Rights for All Women; Stop any violence against women; Racism, gender discrimination and homophobia; And to promote equality and justice in our society. Now the goal of massive mass actions, heavy lobbying, political organization and the basis of trials (National Organization for Women’s Issues) is provided through. Actions now, more women, have proved to be one of the main forces of radical change that put the political stance; Developing training, employment and business opportunities for women; Violence, harassment and more stringent laws against discrimination (National Women’s Organization).

Gay Liberation Movement

In the 1960s, gays and lesbians fought to stay fit. In fact, homosexuality was never allowed, it was the blood. The only way people could be found in homosexual behavior was if they were not alone. Homosexuals were not accepted in society, and all they wanted was to love each other. And some people came because he wanted the gay Student Union was founded at Columbia University in New York, the first homosexual organization that is known. Almost 800 homosexual organizations have been established for ten years. But little was done for homosexuals in 1965 in Washington DC, Frank Kameni, which is held periodically by recalling homosexual ellipse days in front of the White House. Its primary purpose was to include gay and lesbian in the federal public service.

Homosexuals and lesbians were often threatened and arrested during the gay liberation movement. Every night, police officers attacked gay bars and sometimes dozens of men and women arrested, but was arrested at Stonewall Inn in New York one night, fought some homosexuals, police threw objects. “Stonewall Riots are known as” invasions that lasted several nights. Although the little effect of these attacks, homosexuals, has helped them come together to achieve the mutual love they want to show their viewers. Gay liberation of 1960, for what are right people, to explain to the public that they create and gay signs seem to “go to the bathroom” contributed to. So, these people started fighting for gay rights. Therefore, although they respect somehow, in the future, they have created the prerequisites for bigger and better things.

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