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Aerobic exercise and mechanisms associated with improving cardiovascular health Annotated Bibliography

Bo, B., Zhou, Y., Zheng, Q., Wang, G., Zhou, K., & Wei, J. (2021). The Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Aerobic Exercise-Induced Cardiac Regeneration. Biomolecules, 11(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11010019

  • Damage to cardiomyocytes is attributed as the leading cause behind the rise in the rate of heart failure in adults. This is due to the decreased regeneration of heart tissues and reduced oxygen consumption by the body.
  • Many studies state that regular exercise helps in the improvement of cardiovascular functions. In this aspect, aerobic exercises are a good option as it uses repetitive movements that increase the supply of oxygen to muscles and tissues.
  • It focuses on large muscles that aid in the better flow of blood and oxygen in the entire body.
  • According to recent studies; the repetition of aerobic exercises activates the cardiac regeneration genes.
  • It targets the muscles at complex molecular and cellular levels improving metabolism, burning fat and increasing heart mass. The increase in heart mass results in increased cardiovascular function and improves oxygen absorption.
  • However, these benefits have been observed in relatively healthy individuals so these results do not present concrete evidence of the extent of cardiac regeneration.
  • To find more conclusive evidence, patient with heart problems should be advised to employ aerobic exercise and then they should be observed for the confirmation of cardiac regeneration.
  • Furthermore; repetitive exertion of the body can cause more harm than good so it is advised to be cautious (Bo et al., 2021).

Stewart, K. J. (2004). Exercise training: Can it improve cardiovascular health in patients with type 2 diabetes? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(3), 250–252. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2004.012187

  • Diabetes has been on the rise in the United States for the past few decades resulting in 30.3 million people affected by this disease.
  • Diabetes has been known to contribute to the worsening of cardiovascular functions resulting in heart failure. This has caused an increase in mortality rates in diabetic patients.
  • Diabetic patients suffering from obesity are in severe danger of heart failure than other patients suffering from the same disease.
  • The reason that diabetic patients suffer from weakened heart function is due to the decreased oxygen absorption by their bodies. Diabetes decreases the intake of oxygen by 20 percent as compared to a healthy individual.
  • Cardiovascular functions in such patients must be restored, however; normal aerobic exercises can further impair their bodies so these exercises are modified.
  • These altered aerobic exercises are known as “Exercise Training” and are low in intensity.
  • Exercise training not only helps in restoring cardiovascular functions but can also aid metabolism which in turn can burn unhealthy fat and regulate glycaemic control.
  • A diabetic patient must have a healthy heart so that they may live a relatively healthy life and exercise training will prove beneficial in this effort (Stewart, 2004).

Schjerve, I., Tyldum, G., Tjønna, A., Stolen, T., Loennechen, J., Hansen, H., Haram, P., Heinrich, G., Bye, A., Najjar, S., Smith, G., Slørdahl, S., Kemi, O., & Wisloff, U. (2008). Both aerobic endurance and strength training programmes improve cardiovascular health in obese adults. Clinical Science (London, England : 1979), 115, 283–293. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20070332

  • Obesity is one of the biggest health problems faced by the United States; with 71.6 percent of adults of age 20 and above affected by it.
  • Obesity leads to other diseases; the most common being cardiorespiratory issues.
  • One of the major concerns of doctors; is the development of fat over the heart making it difficult for the heart to function properly.
  • Obesity is caused due to inactivity and an unhealthy amount of food intake.
  • Aerobic exercise can be extremely helpful to obese individuals as it strengthens the muscles and slowly restores cardiovascular functions.
  • Aerobic exercises decrease the risk of heart failure in obese patients and burn unhealthy fat.
  • Obese patients are advised to perform aerobic exercise starting from a medium intensity workout to a high-intensity workout. This is due to the results obtained from the participants of the case study.
  • The participants showed a decreased risk of heart disease after an aerobic workout routine was added to their daily routine. Participants also showed signs of improved strength.
  • The participants reported improved respiration, less fatigue, improved mood and ability to perform their daily tasks with ease (Schjerve et al., 2008).

References

Bo, B., Zhou, Y., Zheng, Q., Wang, G., Zhou, K., & Wei, J. (2021). The Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Aerobic Exercise-Induced Cardiac Regeneration. Biomolecules, 11(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11010019

Schjerve, I., Tyldum, G., Tjønna, A., Stolen, T., Loennechen, J., Hansen, H., Haram, P., Heinrich, G., Bye, A., Najjar, S., Smith, G., Slørdahl, S., Kemi, O., & Wisloff, U. (2008). Both aerobic endurance and strength training programmes improve cardiovascular health in obese adults. Clinical Science (London, England : 1979), 115, 283–293. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20070332

Stewart, K. J. (2004). Exercise training: Can it improve cardiovascular health in patients with type 2 diabetes? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(3), 250–252. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2004.012187

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