Office Automation Approaches

Question 1

1. (152)_x = (6A)₁₆

Lets take right hand side (RHS)

• (6A)₁₆
• Converting hexadecimal to decimal
• (6*16¹) + (10 * 16⁰) where A=10
• (6*10) +(10*1)
• 96 +10
• (106)₁₀
• Finding x in (152)_x
• (152)_x=106
• (1 * x² )+(5*x¹) + (2*x⁰) = x² + 5x +2 = 106
• x² + 5x +2 – 106 =0
• x² + 5x -104=0
• x² + 5x -104=0
• (x-8)(x+13)=0
• x=-13 , x=8
• hence (152)₈₌106

b)

0xBED into 3-base representation

• (BED)₁₆
• B*16² +E*16¹+D*16⁰
• B*256+ E*16+D
• 11*265+14*16+13 where B=11, E=14, D=13
• 2816+224+13
• 3053

3 | 3 0 5 3

3 | 1 0 1 7 – 2

3 | 3 3 9 – 0

3 | 1 1 3 – 0

3 | 3 7 – 2

3 | 1 2 – 1

3 | 4 – 0

| 1 – 0

• 10012002

321₇ into 2-base binary representation

• 2 | 3 2 1
• 2 | 1 6 – 1
• 2 | 8 – 0
• 2 | 4 – 0
• 2 | 2 – 0
• | 1 -0

Hence 321₇ = 100001

1235 into Octal Representation

• 8 | 1 2 3 5
• 8 | 1 5 4 – 3
• 8 | 1 9 – 2
• 8 | 2 – 3

(1235)₁₀ = (2323)₈

21.21₈ into decimal representation

(21.21)₈ = 2 x 8⁰ + 1 x 8¹ + 2 x 8^-1 + 1 x 8^-2 = 2 + 8 + 0.25 + 0.0625

=> 10.3125

c)

Two’s Compliment:

Largest number: 011 (3)

Smallest Number: 100 (-4)

One’s Compliment:

Largest Number: 011(3)

Smallest Number: 100 (-3)

Signed Magnitude:

Largest number: 011 (3)

Smallest number: 111 (-3)

Question 2:

Left hand side (LHS) figure

• Z=NOT (A AND B)

A	B	A AND B	NOT (A AND B)
0	0	0	1
0	1	0	1
1	0	0	1
1	1	1	0

Right hand Side (RHS) Figure

• Z=(NOT A) OR (NOT B)

A	B	NOT A	NOT B	(NOT A) OR (NOT B)
0	0	1	1	1
0	1	1	0	1
1	0	0	1	1
1	1	0	0	0

b)

=> (NOT A) AND (NOT B)

=> A AND B

=> ((NOT A) AND (NOT B)) OR (A AND B)

=> A`B` + AB

c) LHS

X	Y	Z	NOT X	NOT Y	NOT Z	XYZ`	X` + Y` + XYZ`
0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1
0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0
0	1	0	1	0	1	1	0
0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0
1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0
1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0
1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0

RHS

X	Y	Z	NOT X	NOT Y	NOT Z	NOT X+NOT Y+NOT Z
0	0	0	1	1	1	1
0	0	1	1	1	0	0
0	1	0	1	0	1	0
0	1	1	1	0	0	0
1	0	0	0	1	1	0
1	0	1	0	1	0	0
1	1	0	0	0	1	0
1	1	1	0	0	0	0

Office Automation approaches:

Managing an office by managing constrainst:

Management By Constraints as created by Goldratt, is a strategy for enhancing the execution of a procedure by concentrating on framework constraints. An introduce of this strategy is that it is nonsensical to in wrinkle creation limit with regards to assets which are not obliging assets. Doing as such essentially prompts overabundance stock. Besides, this approach recommends that expected advantages, for example, diminished working costs, got from enhancements to non-obliging assets ought to be differentiated against expected advantages got for comparable use levels made on the obliging asset for all monies spent on system changes.

A system imperative is characterized as anything that confines system execution, keeping the system from achieving its expressed objectives. For instance, in handling orders from clients, the request taking procedure might be eficient, in any case, it might be a limitation on the system throughput by not having enough ability to process every single asked for arrange. Consequently, assets which are to be used on enhancing system throughput ought to be first connected to this request taking procedure. In breaking down systems, a noteworthy philosophical goal of this approach is to improve execution at the worldwide or system level rather than at the nearby level. To achieve this objective, Goldratt has characterized a progression of steps which center, in a recursive mold, on the constraints which hinder picks up in execution.

Firm commitment by Office Management:

This isn’t generally a simple assignment. OA organizers are looked with two interesting issues:

1. OA programs are frequently organized around a progression of new, doubtful management ideas. Subsequently, feedback will center around management’s impression of the practicality of these ideas notwithstanding the monetary support of the program.

2. From management’s point of view a large portion of OA is overhead. This doesn’t limit OA’s potential commitment, however couple of senior chiefs will put resources into the extension of overhead exercises particularly amid the subsidence.

By the by, solid commitment from senior management must be acquired and have been appeared to be an element of fruitful OA programs. A case of this

achievement is Inmont Corporation, whose objective was to enhance the profitability and nature of archives made at it’s corporate workplaces. They were exceptionally effective, and the president’s dynamic help has been credited as one of the purposes behind their prosperity.

One approach to acquire this commitment is by leading a feasibility study. There is much writing accessible which portrays the procedure to direct a feasibility study. A m-profundity introduction of feasibility thinks about isn’t the essential theme here, yet it is said as a way to give management a total proposition demonstrating how the enterprise may receive the different rewards of OA.

Management commitment is essential since they should assume an indispensable part in arranging the OA. The improvement of an intensive arrangement is basic and is a moment necessary piece of the general OA system. The absence of arranging has been the ruin of numerous companies entering OA.

Analyzing PaaS and IaaS for web infrastructure:

IaaS:

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a cloud computing in which vendors allows clients to access the computing assets such as , servers, databases and systems administration. Organizations consume and utilizes their own applications and specific platforms within the service provided by the vendor’s architecture.

So is fetched investment funds. By moving IT infrastructure to the cloud, you can save money on capital and working consumptions. By paying for computing limit just as it’s required, you can decrease the expenses of underutilized assets. You can likewise diminish IT equipment upkeep costs as a result of the diminished dependence on in-house server farm equipment. Cloud-checking apparatuses and a cloud-canny cost model can help abstain from spiraling IaaS bills.

Be that as it may, you do need to be mindful so as to screen your use and ensure your applications and different frameworks utilize cloud assets effectively. Since, in the metered universe of IaaS, you’re paying for inefficient utilization at an indistinguishable cost from powerful use.

One other advantage of IaaS is adaptability regarding area. Associations can get to IaaS offerings from for all intents and purposes wherever where there is access to the web.

There’s additionally the benefit of accessibility. Since cloud suppliers depend on various offices, there is no single purpose of disappointment. They likewise disseminate their offices to diminish inactivity in view of where the client area is.

Features:

• Clients pay IaaS for services rather then buying computer equipments and managing it.
• Infrastructure is versatile depending upon producing and capacity needs.
• It facilitates business rather then spending of purchasing and keeping up their own particular equipment.
• As the information resides on the cloud so there is no need to worry about information loss or mis management.
• Empowers the virtualization of operational tasks, providing many time for other work.

Platform as a Service:

Platform as a service (PaaS) is a cloud computing offering that gives clients a cloud situation in which they can create, oversee and convey applications. Notwithstanding capacity and other computing assets, clients can utilize a suite of already apparatuses to create, redo and test their own particular applications.

• PaaS provides a platform with facilitates clients to test, create and have applications in a similar situation.
• Empowers organizations to focus around improvement and issues in their organizations without worrying about hidden infrastructure.
• Suppliers oversee security, working frameworks, server programming and reinforcements.
• Encourages synergistic work regardless of whether groups work remotely.

Software as a Service:

it is the most common facility for the businesses when dealing with cloud computing. SaaS is also named as cloud application services. It delivers the applications to the end users by using the internet. This is managed by third-party manufacturers. The application which utilize this service directly operated on web browser. Client side does not require any installations or downloads that supports the application.

As it is already mentioned that SaaS does not require client side to download and install things on individual client computers which can be difficult to manage by IT members. Third party vendors manage technical problems like data, servers or databases while businesses can only focus at their support and maintenance.

SaaS provides many advantages to the employees and businesses as it minimizes the money and time utilized on the tasks like managing upgrading and installing the system. So the technical staff may get more time in resolving the issues and problems occur within the organization.

SaaS can be utilized if the system:

1. Centralized system management is required.
2. Remote hosting is required
3. Internet accessibility is required
4. Users not require to manage hardware and software

SaaS can be a good choice if it is utilized in the following situation:

1. If the company size is small or medium. And there is a quick need for ecommerce and there is no time to manage server and software issues.
2. The projects that are short term and needs team work.
3. If a business uses application which are not commonly utilized.
4. Business that need applications for both web and mobile devices.

As we have mentioned various features and functionality of each cloud model. It is very important for any organization before utilizing the model, the differences between each cloud model. If a business implement a software that is cloud based for storing their data or if a business needs a platform which can be suitable for their customized applications or if businesses want to control the entire system without needed to physically maintain and managed it then cloud services will always be a best choice for such business. It is very important to migrate to a cloud to fulfil the increasing organizational needs. So after analyzing the technical infrastructure , it is recommended to utilized IaaS cloud model.