Automation Technological Change and the Future of Employment
Introduction Debates about automation often swing between two extremes: machines will eliminate work, or technological progress will automatically create better jobs for everyone. Historical experience supports neither simple prediction. Technology changes tasks, prices, products, skills, and organizational power. Some jobs disappear, some grow, and many are redesigned. The distribution of gains depends on education, bargaining power, competition, social protection, and management decisions. This essay examines technological unemployment, cloud and artificial-intelligence

