Postpartum Depression, Postpartum Blues, and Postpartum Psychosis

Complete three nursing diagnoses for postpartum depression, postpartum blues, and or postpartum psychosis. You must have three separate nursing diagnoses, and they each need their own measurable goal, a minimum of 3 nursing interventions for each diagnosis

Nursing Diagnosis # 1

Nursing Diagnosis & Client Outcome	Nursing Interventions	Evaluation
Postpartum Depression Outcome: After the intervention, the patient will get diagnosed with Postpartum Depression. (McKinney et al., 2018) (Ackley et al., 2019, 2018)	Encourage the patient to talk about her feelings. Take the patient’s history of any such past experiences in case of prior pregnancies and how she coped with that. Identify if there is already any psyhistric or medical issue patient is facing For the initial assessment use only the two-question tool which will provide you with the easy assessment and tryto figure out any sign of depression or detachment. In case of a positive response to either question, ask the more detailed 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). In case of positive findings from screening questionnaires, refer the patient for a comprehensive clinical interview to ascertain a diagnosis. (McKinney et al., 2018) (Ackley et al., 2019, 2018)

Nursing Diagnosis #2

Nursing Diagnosis & Client Outcome	Nursing Interventions	Evaluation
Postpartum Blues Outcome: After the intervention, the patient will get diagnosed with Postpartum blues. (McKinney et al., 2018) (Ackley et al., 2019, 2018)	Encourage the patient to talk about her feelings. Take a history of her mood changes during menstruation and pregnancies. Ask her about a history of depression, pregnancies, or a family history of postpartum depression. Ask her for how long she is feeling like that. In case the period is longer than two weeks after delivery, refer her to get diagnosed with postpartum depression. Encourage her partner to attend sessions with her and help her to cope with the mood changes. (McKinney et al., 2018) (Ackley et al., 2019, 2018)

Nursing Diagnosis #3

Nursing Diagnosis & Client Outcome	Nursing Interventions	Evaluation
Postpartum Psychosis Outcome: The patient will be identified for postpartum psychosis. (McKinney et al., 2018) (Ackley et al., 2019, 2018)	Assess the patient’s behavior during the session. Observe any agitation, irritability, rapidly shifting, or disorganized behavior of the patient. Check for delusions and hallucinations of the baby in the patient. Ask her partner of any personal or family history of postpartum psychosis in the patient’s family. Refer her immediately for hospitalization and psychiatric care. (McKinney et al., 2018) (Ackley et al., 2019, 2018)

References

Ackley, B.J., Ladwig, G.B., Makic, M.B., Martinex-Kratz, M., & Zanotti, M. (2019). Nursing diagnosis handbook e-book: An evidence-based guide to planning care (12th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences.

McKinney, E. S., James, S. R., Murray, S. S., Nelson, K. A., & Ashwill, J. W. (2018). Maternal-child nursing. Elsevier.

Research two cultures or religious affiliations (do not include Indian cultures, because I already wrote on it) that you have an interest in regarding intrapartum and postpartum beliefs. You should consider both the mother and the newborn regarding the beliefs or practices.  Once you have selected two different cultures or religious affiliations discuss each individually regarding the beliefs and or practices of these cultures or religious group.  You must have at least one well-developed paragraph on each culture and use appropriate reference/s

Intrapartum beliefs and Postpartum beliefs in Mexican American women:

For Mexican women, the social support of family and friends is essential in the intrapartum period. Most women prefer to have their mother, husband, or another close female relative with them during labor. The belief in God is also prominent in Mexican women during their intrapartum time, reflecting an external locus of control during labor. The women believe that everything will go well if they entrust themselves to the Virgin and God. Another common practice among Mexican during labor is making prayers to the Virgin and God for the baby’s health instead of screaming in pain (Hascup et al., 2011). The central belief and practice during the postpartum period in Mexican women are La Cuarentena. La Cuarentena is 40 days of rest. In this rest span, mothers are not allowed to do extraneous house chores, are provided with particular foods, and are provided with enough time to bond with the new baby. Family care and societal gestures help the new mother and the baby; it is mostly observed that friends or elder relatives assist the new mother in one way or another in taking care of the baby. The helping gestures are usually providing the meals, looking after the children, or actively doing the house chores. (Hascup et al., 2011).

Intrapartum beliefs and Postpartum beliefs in Chinese women:

Many Chinese women depend heavily on others for assistance during pregnancy and do not like health care providers that encourage independence. Pregnancy and especially childbirth are marked as a time when it is crucial to maintain between hot and cold food. So they encourage special soups and food during pregnancy, intrapartum, and postpartum periods to keep the baby and mother physically healthy. During the intrapartum period, Chinese people believe that mothers should not cry or scream. Chinese women prefer their traditions over western culture in labor and during birth. Ideally, the mother or mother-in-law assists the laboring woman and assists in childbirth instead of the child’s father (Withers et al., 2018). Zuo Yuezhi is standard practice in rural and urban families in China during the postpartum period to assist the new mother to regain her strengths and defend her impending health. Zuo Yue Zi includes dietary precautions like more food eating and evading any cold food, behavioral precautions like staying more at home and avoiding home chores, hygiene precautions like not taking a bath, and dental hygiene. It also includes infant feeding and care practices like supplemental feeding and providing honeysuckle herb to the newborn (Raven et al. 2007).

Reference

Hascup, V. (2011). Cultural expressions, meanings, beliefs, and practices of Mexican American women during the postpartum period: An ethnonursing study.

Withers, M., Kharazmi, N., & Lim, E. (2018). Traditional beliefs and practices in pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum: A review of the evidence from Asian countries. Midwifery, 56, 158-170.

Raven, J. H., Chen, Q., Tolhurst, R. J., & Garner, P. (2007). Traditional beliefs and practices in the postpartum period in Fujian Province, China: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 7(1), 8.