The influence of a family procedure is contingent on the development of both a parent and a child. This means that the relationship between two family members often develops with time in terms of their relationship as a family. Maccoby talked about this effect on child development bi-directionally. He tinted the roles of certain factors like language development, others’ conception, physical growth and autonomy during children’s interaction with their parents. In the development stage, children become able to communicate with parents and even others around them and with time, they get to contemplate others’ perceptions of their points of view. They sooner become even more noncompliant with parent’s requests (Bornstein & Bradley, 2014). As children develop, they portray increasing emotions in their conflict with their mothers and siblings as they show an increase in understanding of both the family members and methods of comforting their siblings (Bornstein & Bradley, 2014). These changes give them an opportunity to coordinate their activities with other members of the family.
In the process of child development, parents are also confirmed to be undergoing changes in the family. For instance, as the child grows, parents also improve their methods of ensuring discipline prevails. Parents always respond to children’s intellectual development through increased verbal instructions and even explanations in physical demonstrations. They make responses that are more sophisticated in their verbal interaction with their children’s requests (Bornstein & Bradley, 2014). As children mature, they likely get in a position of being influenced by petitions made by parents in the sense of fairness, while parents, on the other end, respond to this transformation by diminishing their disciplinary actions in the form of punishments. After all, older children get the understanding of mutual obligations meaning, as they grow, parents effectively adapt to disciplining their children by revoking their privileges.
The empirical study of domestic influences development of children gets complicated at best. Identification of whoever is in the family and regarding if to rely on just the direct observation of family interactions; methods of resolving inconsistencies in the mother, child, teacher, and father reports on children’s behavior, and adaptation techniques in various cultures are some of the thorny issues in the science of family study (Deater-Deckard, & Panneton, 2017). Moreover, the changing demography in American families is comprised of increased sizes of families raised by parents coming from different ethnic communities, single-parenting families and multiple houses. In the case of medical clinicians, it sounds like an overwhelming task to keep track of the layers of family life in the little time for patient visits. Instead of ignoring the complexity of family life, a guideline that busy clinicians offer for families to contact their family members. This is simply because partnership establishment with family members is one of the cornerstone requirements for faster recovery in pediatric patients.
Conceptualizing The Environment
Many controversies on family influence from the genetics of behavior research concerning findings that the shared environmental parameters are mostly modest or sometimes zero. (Deater-Deckard, & Panneton, 2017). This finding, therefore, suggests that simply growing up in the same home matters just a little when it comes to shaping the similarities in behavior between the children in that home. It is, therefore, correct when one states that shared family environments are majorly based on the effects rather than measures. This shared environmental influence is said to arise in places where environments have the same functionality as children in that part area.
As stated previously, the most vital lesson in environmental research is the importance of non-shared parts of the environment. For one to identify the salient roles played by the environmental influence in the development of psychopathology, it is critical that start with the assessment of risks that are specific to individuals since family risks, such as socioeconomic disadvantages and maternal depression, are so many;y however have shared effects.
Genetic And Family Aspects
According to nutritionists, family influence on children is not only limited to the genetic aspects, even though professionals are aware of the influence of genetics on child obesity (Deater-Deckard & Panneton, 2017). The chances and risks of a child becoming overweight are said by nutritionists to be mostly dependent on the family, school environment and the entire social environment as a whole. A consistent amount of data is available to prove that under non-controlling circumstances, children can regulate the quantity of food consumed. Energy requirements in the body of children are solemnly dependent on the age and activities of the child and gender. Research proves that young children of two years and below have some innate ability to regulate their level of intake simply by responding to their internal cues for safety and hunger.
As they grow and become old, the internal cues are overridden by the external cues, making them overeat in the environment, offering many opportunities where they can garner large portions of food, and that is exactly how the environment can result in a child’s obesity life. The dietary pattern for children is one of the central for in them developing to become overweight. Excess caloric intake causes the energy in them to get stored as fats. In that case, it is correct concluding that taking food with dense amount of energy is at times a risk factor for one becoming overweight since these foods leads to excess fat in the body. A preference for fruits and vegetables is considered a protective factor.
The actual environment has been conceptualized to be obesogenic since it supports taking excess foods and, to some extent, a sedentary kind of behavior in many people (Sampson, 2017). Research done on adults shows a wide range of interindividual variability when it comes to tolerance of overfeeding. Children predisposed to obesity are found to be more susceptible to the effects of intake of energy as compared to children with no family history of obesity. Parents play a very significant role in ensuring their children eat healthy foods and to a level that is predetermined when they want to avoid obesity in their children.
Developmental Trends And Influences On Creativity
Family Structure And Process
Research concerning family influence in the determination of creativity is found to be in two categories, specifically the family structure and family process. The relevant processes include discipline from parents who are at times lax, though they still provide security for their siblings, giving them the opportunity to play, experiment and explore,e all of which are major contributors to practicality and creativity in problem-solving (Sampson, 2017). The structural development determinants include the size of the family and the order of birth. These two variables are considered to be major parts of the play in determining the creativity level of a child. They are both good predictors of potential creativity. Children from large families seem to have high potential to become creative, probably because they have good playtime with their colleagues and lack parental supervision on many occasions. This finding on the size of the family being a positive variable in relation to creativity proves to be interesting since almost the reverse is true in terms of Intelligence quotient, GPA and scholastic achievement, where kids from smaller families in most cases excel.
The position of a child in the family has also proved to be an extremely predicate determinant in knowing the creativity level of a child. Sulloway obtained widespread support, claiming that middle children are prone to developing rebellious personalities as compared to first and last-born. This kind of character gives middle-born children the ability to behave in a creative and unconventional way (Sampson, 2017). The firstborns often develop the need to achieve in conventional fields. The secondborn avoids competition in most cases with the firstborn; hence, they do find another niche within the family environment, but since the conventional niche is already taken up by the firstborn, the simplest way for the secondborn to avoid this competition is to take up the unconventional niche. It is this conventional nich that comes with the child being rebellious and creative.
Intelligence quotient, general intelligence, and creativity are very distinct considering the test scores of these three aspects of life. Creativity and general intelligence are distinct in that one is likely to be seen in small families and the other in large families. In the scholastic aptitude scores, children from large families present higher scores than those from small families. The reason behind this is that children from large families are usually less stimulated towards intellectual climate as compared to children from small families (Ginsburg, 2017). This is because small families have proportionally more adult input than larger families where there may be many children but only two or, at times, one adult contributing.
Evidence put forward for creativity is suggestive but, in the real sense, less conclusive. Despite the evidence proposing middle children are more creative, eldest children are reported to have many advantages in terms of creativity right as they do in their academic accomplishments. Even though much of the research shows that older children are less creative because of their dependence and creativity. Academic success seems to flourish in small families but contrary to that, creativity flourishes in larger families. This is because children in larger families tend to spend most of their time without their parents’ supervision; hence, they always employ the use of their imaginative skills to entertain themselves (Ginsburg, 2017). On the other hand, children from small families get all this from their parents, who are readily available for their small number.
Families As Educational Settings
Early research on the environmental influence on children’s educational progress takes two perspectives of the whole idea. Academic results are related to demographic characteristics like parent’s marital status and education, birth order, ethnicity and lastly, socioeconomic status. Consistent and moderate relationships are revealed to exist between most of the above-mentioned factors and a child’s cognitive development. Particularly, positive education results are found to exist in families where the marriage remained intact. It also revealed that well-educated parents having good sources of income possess a high chance of their children being good at academic work. Psychologists and educators recently noted that group comparison, having labeled social address (Ginsburg, 2017), is always less informative than the research identifying the process underlying the group differences. Contrary to this, children raised by single parents were, on many occasions, found to be average or even low in academic performance. They seemed more or less demoralized and lack of concentration in their schoolwork.
A Psychoeducational Program For Parents Of Dysfunctional Backgrounds
It is of great importance that one acknowledges the importance of the knowledge that there is no defined pattern of parenting associated with parents coming from dysfunctional families. Dysfunctionality plays a very critical part in a family. Different effects are experienced in such families, contrary to the normal family setup (Sampson, 2017). A clear instance of continuation may appear in a pattern considered almost similar to the dysfunctional family where either of the parents was raised. An example of this is in a scenario where one of the parents grew up in a family where they used to be abused; there is a high probability that the affected parent will be applying the same to his or her children in a family. Such parents would be very reactive to the implications of abuse and, at times, fail to punish or discipline their children when they abuse their colleagues.
Marital Interaction: Effects On Child Development
Literally, marital interaction has an effect on a family and child development process. Socialization traditionally focuses on parent-child interactions, hence neglecting family influences like marital relations. Recently, there has been a reported widespread relationship between child adjustment or development and marital conflicts (Sampson, 2017). With the widespread landmark review of Robert Emery, there has been a discussion on the effects marital conflict has on the child development of such kind of a family. Children are usually affected by such kinds of politics owing to their earlier exposure to such kinds of things, more so if it involves intense violence and fighting. These conflicts are found to make children adjust negatively, and at times, they become insecure about the family functioning, leading to mental trauma and torture in the long run.
The Role Of The Family In Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Changes have surrounded the attitudes towards the role of family psychiatric rehabilitation. Formerly, mental illness was believed to be attributed to family influences, while in our world today, it is believed that family partnership is very important in the rehabilitation process of a patient. Family intervention in the recovery of a mentally ill patient has proven to be very effective in the coping process of such a patient, as indicated by evidence-based practice. In this case, family visits in mental hospitals have been made more regular so that these patients can cope much earlier as possible and go and reunite with their families (Bornstein & Bradley, 2014). Besides that, their time with the patient is also increased so as to make them have quality time together because this helps the patient heal up much faster as he craves to go back to being together with everyone at home.
In conclusion, family development and parenting is such a diverse activity in our society today, which must be taken in with a keen consideration. It solemnly depends on the parents, their ability to raise a good family and the natural environmental factors they create for their children. Parental beliefs, their instructions to the siblings, the general structure of the home environment and family life, and lastly, the behavior of parents both outside and inside the compound are the key components considering the type of family. It is important as parents to consider the kind of family you plan to have as a couple. Despite some factors being contingent, you can always find a way of coming up with the best family ever. Family development is very fundamental, and it is a pleasure to create a perfect environment for the best child development.
References
Bornstein, M. H., & Bradley, R. H. (Eds.). (2014). Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child development. Routledge.
Deater-Deckard, K., & Panneton, R. (2017). Unearthing the Developmental and Intergenerational Dynamics of Stress in Parent and Child Functioning. In Parental Stress and Early Child Development (pp. 1-11). Springer, Cham.
Sampson, R. J. (2017). Family management and child development: Insights from social disorganization theory. In Facts, frameworks, and Forecasts (pp. 63-94). Routledge.
Ginsburg, K. (2017). The Importance of Play in Promoting Healthy Child Development and Maintaining Strong Parent-Child Bonds. American Academy of Pediatrics. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
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