Proposed PICOT Question
For patients at risk of Covid-19 in the acute care setting, does the implementation of a new preceptorship training program for improving management and prevention of the pandemic help decrease the risk of Covid spread and can impact better patient care outcomes?
Change Topic
The change topic I selected earlier for my capstone project is “Management and Prevention of Covid in Urgent Care Facility.” The PICOT question developed for introducing the intervention for management and prevention of Covid is related to the implementation of a preceptorship program for quality management of Covid spread.
Literature Evaluation Table
| Criteria | Article 1 | Article 2 | Article 3 | Article 4 |
| Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and
Permalink or Working Link to Access Article
|
Quek, G. J., Ho, G. H., Hassan, N. B., Quek, S. E., & Shorey, S., | Quek, G. J., & Shorey, S. | Irwin, C., Bliss, J., & Poole, K. | Bartlett, A. D., Um, I. S., Luca, E. J., Krass, I., & Schneider, C. R. |
| Article Title and Year Published
|
Perceptions of preceptorship among newly graduated nurses and preceptors: A descriptive qualitative study. 2019. | Perceptions, experiences, and needs of nursing preceptors and their preceptees on preceptorship: An integrative review. 2018. | Does Preceptorship improve confidence and competence in Newly Qualified Nurses: A systematic literature review. 2018. | Measuring and assessing the competencies of preceptors in health professions: a systematic scoping review. 2020. |
| Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative)
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| Purposes/Aim of Study | The aim of the study is to explore the perceptions, needs of nursing preceptors and preceptees, and the impacts of their experiences on preceptorship. | This article aims to explore the perceptions of preceptorship from the perspectives of newly graduated nurses and preceptors. | To assess whether preceptor enhances competence and confidence in newly graduated nurses. | To evaluate performance indicators and evidence for competencies in the field of healthcare. |
| Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative) | A descriptive qualitative study is taken as the research design. | A mixed method design is used to obtain information from electronic databases. | The structured systematic review is carried out through the thematic analysis technique. | The qualitative research method is used. |
| Setting/Sample | An acute tertiary hospital in Singapore. | 20 relevant articles are reviewed to understand the significance and impacts of preceptorship. Also, appraisal tools from Joanna Briggs Institute are used to access for suitability of the study. | Articles published between 1996 and 2013 from credible Nursing sources are critically reviewed. | Articles are included in the study for quality assessment. Also, a database search is conducted in IPA, Medline, CINAHL, and Embase in 2019. |
| Methods: Intervention/Instruments | Audio-recorded semi-structured interviews were conducted during the span from August to November 2016. | The clinical teaching method named Integrative Review Preceptorship is used to obtain information on preceptors’ experiences. | Thematic analysis is used to extract the data from sources such as The British Nursing Index, Scopus, Web of Science, HMIC, Scopus Conference, ERIC, etc. | The study follows the PRISMA ScR method is used for scoping review to appraise performance indicators and identification of competencies. |
| Analysis
|
The technique of thematic analysis was used to evaluate the interview transcripts to explore the needs, experiences, and perceptions of nursing preceptors. | Six significant focus areas are identified in this study including the role of preceptors, challenges of being a preceptor, needs of newly qualified nurses, preparation of preceptors, factors affecting the preceptors-preceptees relationship, and preceptorship significance. | Four themes are analyzed through critically reviewing the articles by thematic analysis. They include support, measurement, structure, and knowledge and experience that influence confidence and competence in the preceptors. | It is analyzed after reviewing the related articles that preceptorship allows preceptors to facilitate the development of the preceptees within a clinically-related setting into competent professionals. |
| Key Findings
|
The findings of the study suggest the need and importance of the social role of the preceptors, the use of technology, and the involvement of nursing managers. The preceptorship programs emphasize that these programs should be catered according to the needs of the local nursing population. | It is found in the study that the impact of preceptorship is significant and it plays a pivotal role in nursing retention to provide proper education to preceptees so that they can effectively carry out their role in nursing. | Preceptorship programs have greater impacts to influence competence and confidence in the newly qualified nurses as well as preceptors than the individual preceptor training. | Findings reveal that performance indicators allow effective measurement that may be modifiable with preceptorship or with other pieces of training. |
| Recommendations
|
Longitudinal and multi-centered studies are needed to conduct future research in order to explore preceptors’ and preceptees’ perceptions of preceptorship programs. | Preceptors-preceptees’ perceptions of preceptorship programs from different ethnic, educational, and national backgrounds can be further explored. | Future research into the choice of preceptors, impacts of preceptorship on confidence and competence of newly graduated nurses, and team preceptorship is required. | It is recommended in the study that a consensus approach such as the Delphi method could be used to identify variation in preceptor competencies. |
| Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone Project
|
This article supports the proposed change project by showing how the preceptorship programs effectively improve preceptors’ as well as preceptees’ perceptions. Also, this article suggests how the study generates implications for future preceptorship programs’ development to increase job satisfaction. | The article supports the capstone project by exploring how preceptorship programs help to ease the stressful transitions through the awareness of the preceptors’ role that new preceptors and nurses experience. | The capstone project aims at exploring the effectiveness of the preceptorship program to manage the spread of Covid and promote patient safety. This study recommends the use of a preceptorship program to enhance confidence and competence in new preceptors. | The article supports the objective of the capstone project that preceptorship allows nursing preceptors to provide guidance and socialization for the development of preceptees. |
| Criteria | Article 5 | Article 6 | Article 7 | Article 8 |
| Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and
Permalink or Working Link to Access Article
|
King, R., Taylor, B., Talpur, A., Jackson, C., Manley, K., Ashby, N., … & Robertson, S. | Griffiths, M., Creedy, D., Carter, A., & Donellan-Fernandez, R. | Jessica L, Strickland. | Debra E, Kelly |
| Article Title and Year Published
|
Factors that optimize the impact of continuing professional development in nursing: A rapid evidence review. 2021. | A systematic review of interventions to enhance preceptors’ role in undergraduate health student clinical learning. 2022. | Preceptor Training: A Quantitative Study to Determine the Effectiveness of a Formal Preceptor Training Program for Medical-Surgical Nurse Preceptors. 2020. | Initiation of a New Nurse Preceptor Program in the Era of COVID-19. 2022.
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| Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative)
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| Purposes/Aim of Study | To understand the factors that optimize development, learning, and improvement for continuing professional development. | To determine interventions in nursing practice that prepare preceptors to play their role in fostering success in clinical education. | To determine the effectiveness of a formal preceptorship training program for medical-surgical care providers in an acute care setting. | To address nurse retention through comprehensive educational content transitioning from educational setting to clinical practice setting. |
| Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)
|
Arksey and O’Malley’s framework is used to undertake a rapid evidence review. | A systematic literature review is undertaken through PRISMA guidelines. | The quantitative and descriptive research method is used in the study. | A qualitative study is taken as a research design for the evaluation of the outcomes of the preceptorship training program at its completion. |
| Setting/Sample
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Acute care settings in the United Kingdom. 39 articles are included in the review method to critically analyze the factors that optimize the impact of professional development in the field of nursing. | 21 articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected in the study. | Preceptors working in an acute care setting voluntarily completed the survey for this research. | Nursing preceptors facilitating within hospital settings were selected to take the program to make them more competent in using new strategies necessary for Covid management and prevention in the healthcare setting. |
| Methods: Intervention/Instruments
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The review method is used to evaluate the factors that enable continuing professional development CPD impact on development and improvement in the workplace. | The systemic literature review method is used to undertake the research. | QuestionPro, an online survey website is used to collect data from nurse preceptors. | The preceptorship training program is used for all the new nursing preceptors working in the immediate care setting. |
| Analysis
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It is analyzed in the study that factors such as relevance to practice, self-motivation, strong enabling leadership, preference for workplace learning, and positive workplace culture are necessary to optimize continuing professional development. | Interventions mentioned in the selected articles are evaluated and reviewed using pre-test and post-test-only methods to report positive outcomes of preceptorship programs on preceptors’ knowledge, attitudes, skills, and confidence. | 22 nurse preceptors completed the questionnaire regarding Capabilities of Nurse Educators (CONE) during the formal preceptor training. 17 nurse preceptors out of 22 completed the CONE postquestionnaire. | 11 of the participants of the program evaluated preceptorship program with a response rate of 84.6%, six responded with 54.5%, and 10 of the participants responded with a 90% response rate that education is appropriate for commencing the preceptorship program within all the healthcare settings. |
| Key Findings
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The findings of this study reveal that the interdependence of important factors explored in the study optimizes the impact of person-centered outcomes. | It is concluded in the study that the content of interventions is significant for the positive impact of the preceptorship program and effective outcomes measurement. | Nurse preceptors who completed formal training report improvement in the perception of their capabilities between the start and end of the CONE training program. | Participants of the preceptorship program reported positive responses. They also showed a willingness to perform their responsibilities as preceptors in any healthcare environment in the future. |
| Recommendations
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People and nurses experiencing care in the healthcare setting should be interviewed and surveyed for further studies. | Future research should include perceptions of patients on the quality of client care within the healthcare setting. | Hospitals should implement preceptorship training to enhance the confidence and competence of nurse preceptors. | It is recommended in the study that the dissemination of the curriculum plan of the preceptorship program can be enhanced for the nursing preceptors and new nurse practitioners. |
| Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone
|
This article provides an insight into the significance of preceptorship to measure the value of continuing professional development in nursing practice. | The capstone change project aims at seeking the improvement of Covid management and prevention through a preceptorship training program within the healthcare setting. This article emphasizes the role of preceptorship and other interventions in clinically-related settings which supports the objective of the capstone project. | The capstone project seeks to implement a preceptorship training program. This research study also emphasizes the importance of preceptorship training programs to improve the competence and confidence of nursing preceptors. | This article supports the view that the capstone project presents that a preceptorship program in a healthcare setting during the trying times of Covid-19 can improve the prevention and management of the virus. |
References
Quek, G. J., Ho, G. H., Hassan, N. B., Quek, S. E., & Shorey, S. (2019). Perceptions of preceptorship among newly graduated nurses and preceptors: A descriptive qualitative study. Nurse education in practice, 37, 62-67.
Quek, G. J., & Shorey, S. (2018). Perceptions, experiences, and needs of nursing preceptors and their preceptees on preceptorship: An integrative review. Journal of professional nursing, 34(5), 417-428.
Irwin, C., Bliss, J., & Poole, K. (2018). Does preceptorship improve confidence and competence in newly qualified nurses: A systematic literature review. Nurse education today, 60, 35-46.
Bartlett, A. D., Um, I. S., Luca, E. J., Krass, I., & Schneider, C. R. (2020). Measuring and assessing the competencies of preceptors in health professions: a systematic scoping review. BMC medical education, 20(1), 1-9.
King, R., Taylor, B., Talpur, A., Jackson, C., Manley, K., Ashby, N., … & Robertson, S. (2021). Factors that optimize the impact of continuing professional development in nursing: A rapid evidence review. Nurse education today, 98, 104652.
Griffiths, M., Creedy, D., Carter, A., & Donellan-Fernandez, R. (2022). Systematic review of interventions to enhance preceptors’ role in undergraduate health student clinical learning. Nurse Education in Practice, 103349.
Strickland, J. L. (2020). Preceptor Training: A Quantitative Study to Determine the Effectiveness of a Formal Preceptor Training Program for Medical-Surgical Nurse Preceptors.
Kelly, D. E. (2022). Initiation of a New Nurse Preceptor Program in the Era of COVID-19. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 53(5), 221-224.
