Academic Master

Environmental Science

EFFECTS OF ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON THE RETAINING WALLS IN NARROW BACK FILL

Soil arching occurs when there is a difference in stiffness of soil and the structure bordering the soil. This happens depending on which of the two is harder is it the soil or the structure? if the structure is harder than the soil load will arch into the structure and is the soil is harder it will arch away from the structure(shahir 2018). The vertical compration of the soil is usually lower compared to that of the horizontal compration; this is what makes the soil adjacent to the structure harder hence leading to soil arching. Most of arching of soil is due to the difference in shear forces in the soil

There are theories and formulas used in the calculation of earth pressure coefficient “Which is always defined as the ratio of the horizontal stiffness of the soil to the ratio of vertical stiffness of the soil. This too helps in geotechnical engineering whereby the earth pressure coefficient is used to determine the type of materials to be used so that the built structure may not come to collapse or pause any threats to the users

Geotechnical engineering plays a large role in the narrow back fills. Before the construction of a structure several factors have to be put into consideration. The mechanical and chemical properties of the surface materials have to be tested for their suitability to support the structure that is to be constructed (Adam Bezuijen 2018) . This is usually done in order to find out the best kind of back fills to be constructed to neighbor the structure which in most cases are always walls. Geotechnical engineering plays other role in balancing the materials that are used in making of this structures be it buildings, commercial houses bridges roads and even mini structure like concrete street lights.

Discrete element method analysis is also commonly used .this is common in the construction of roads especially where more natural or artificial materials have been piled on top of the already existing surface materials (Ahmed 2018). A comparison of the discrete element method result and the theoretical result from ideal conditions obtained from the lab is done .the tests differ from place to place depending on their height of the soil arch which in return is crucial in determining the soil arching coefficient of the resultant soil in that particular place.

Soil arching effect undergoes greatest pressure near the surface of the earth. This can in turn be summarized to be that soil arching pressure is inversely proportional to the depth of the soil. This is applied in geotechnical engineering more so in contraction of underground tunnel running though soils with different chemical and mechanical properties.

Empirical and analytical methods are used to measure lateral earth pressure as they are relative cheap compared to the other direct methods like use of the dilatometer. Active pressures are obtained when retained soil is allowed to deform or just relax. The measures of both active and passive pressure play a major role in determining the minimum and maximum lateral pressure possible a soil most will exert on the nearby structures. There are also other theories that predicts active and passive earth pressure. For instance the Rankine theory. A theory too was developed for finding the active and passive earth pressure for rapture surfaces

Narrow back fill has become a popular practice all around the globe. The most popular instance is the construction of coming up with retaining walls a few meters from the rock face cut and this is always carried out vertically. The space left in between the rocks and the walls is for the purpose of working to enable for protruding breadth of foundation. It also enables the construction of drains behind the walls

Reference

Dehghani, Fariborz, Hadi Shahir, and Ali Ghanbari. “Seismic Active Earth Pressure of Narrow Geosynthetic-Reinforced Backfill on Rigid Facing.” Journal of Engineering Geology 11.3 (2018): 53-80.

c, Yang, et al. “Research on time–frequency analysis method of active earth pressure of rigid retaining wall subjected to earthquake.” Environmental Earth Sciences 77.6 (2018): 232.

Ahmadic, and Adam Bezuijen. “Full-scale mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls under strip footing load.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes 46.3 (2018): 297-311.

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