Pope Gregory VII’s Ban On Lay Investiture In The Holy Roman Empire
Church and State Debate The Investiture Controversy was one of the most significant conflicts between the State and the Church (Rubin 67). The Controversy concerned the possibility of appointing bishops (The History Book 96). By the middle of the 11th century, it was customary for kings and emperors to select clerics. Such newly appointed bishops had to pay homage to the emperor, and in return, they were “invested” with a ring