1. It is the science of studying the relationship between human nutrition, health, and genome. It is further divided into nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. Nutrigenomics is the study of the impact of nutrients on health through changing proteome, genome, metabolome and also the resulting change in physiology, while nutrigenetics is the impact of genetic variation on the interaction between health and diet with implications to susceptible subgroups. Therefore, nutrigenomic is establishing the impact of the nutrient ingested and other food components on the expression and regulation of the gene. It also determines the person’s nutritional requirements based on the genetic makeup of the individual diet.
2. The relationship between diet and health is well confirmed. However, the renewed interest in that dietary components are biologically active and how they exert the development of nutritional genomics is pushing their impact. Therefore, its application of higher throughput functional genomic technology in the research of nutrition. The technology is integrated into the database of sequences of genomic and inter-individual genetic variability. This enables the process of gene expressions to be researched for many different genes in parallel. These techniques facilitate the definitions of optimal nutrition at a level of population, individuals and specified groups. It promotes the development of food delivery treatment and functionally enhances food to improve health.
The study offers a way to optimize equity of life and human health. It’s an attractive endeavor. It encompasses most of the aspects of science that range from human genomes, food science, microorganisms and plants, analytical sciences, statistics and computing of large systems and also human behavior. The major feature of nutritional genomics is a single nucleotide polymorphism in the genes that interact with the nutrients and other components of food that are bioactive. Changes in genes can lead to alterations in the metabolism, absorption and functional response to the bioactive nutritional factor. The food component of bioactive can also generate gene expression at the protein abundance, transcriptome and protein turnover level. The important variable that should take into account food nutritional variability is eating behavior related to food consumed and the actual amount of food taken.
Nutrigenomics has received attention due to its potential for mitigating, preventing and treating chronic diseases like cancer. Evidence shows that nutrients from foods influence human health through food’s ability to change epigenetic and genetic events that are related to various illnesses like cancer. Good nutrition recommendations use disease management and privation. Inadequate folate, like vitamin B intake, increases the risk of colorectal cancer. However high intake of cruciferous vegetables is related to the reduction in the risk of lung and colorectal cancer.
3. Nutritional Genomics treatment differs from other treatment methods like traditional pharmaceuticals and prescription drugs in many ways. Nutritional genomics uses vegetables and herbs to treat disease. This depends on the diet consumed by the patient to care disease. An example of the herb drags is the traditional Chinese medicine that is developed from different plants and herbs. The nutritional genomics method is more a preventive than a cure. It prevents the occurrence of chronic diseases like cancer by taking a balanced diet. On the other hand, traditional pharmaceutical and prescription drugs are the drugs taken after the individual shows symptoms of a certain disease and are taken under instruction from the doctor. Sometimes, those drugs may have a side effect on the patient. Therefore, nutrigenomics treatment is best because it prevents develop of the disease and thus maintains the health of the individual. It is better to prevent the occurrence or development of the disease than to cure the disease with a drug. Some chronic illnesses don’t have a cure for cancer. Therefore, it is better to prevent its development by taking balanced nitrate food to keep the body healthy.
References
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Johansson I, Ingelman-Sundberg. “CNVs of human genes and its implication in pharmacogenetics.” Cytogenet Genome Res (2008).
Peterson J, Dwyer J. ” Flavonoids: dietary occurrence and biochemical activity.” Nutr Res (1998).
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