1) Discuss how in an organization diffusion of responsibility and conformity can lead people to act unethically. (3 marks)
2) Compare between consequentialist and non-consequentialist theories outlining an advantage and disadvantage of each. (4 marks)
3) Explain John Rawls’ veil of ignorance and discuss if it would ensure justice for all. (3 marks)
Answers
1. Diffusion of responsibility – they are so vulnerable when a large group of people are present, a psychological phenomenon. It happens when people who need to make decisions for someone else are waiting for action on the spot. More people included greater possibilities, believing that someone could respond from one group, would not do anything. The distribution of responsibility makes people feel less pressure to act correctly or incorrectly as they believe that someone else will do it. When I do not feel responsible for the situation, I feel that I am innocent even if I help with anything. Therefore, Diffusion of responsibility will not allow us to pay attention to our conscience. Have you participated in the team and did you feel that no one is doing anything everyone should do? It is also an example of issuing responsibility. I feel motivated that people work for a common goal, and even volunteers can make an effort to hide a little contribution. It is also called “social loafing”. In a hierarchical organization, the more tailored nature of the distribution of responsibilities is spreading. Employees who claim to obey orders avoid responsibility for what they know is reasonably illegal or immoral. Distribution of responsibility (which is not mandatory) may indicate that the actual responsibilities of each person are low, which makes it difficult to identify. This aspect of 4 spread is sufficient “that responsibility for any particular behavior has distributed between more people, each separate responsibility has been proportionally reduced” five postings and their interdependence. It is impossible to determine the reasons for disturbing, sometimes individually defined Marks reflected in Boventsa’s remarks about responsibility. When they do not know that they are wrong, then immoral behavior increases.
2. Consequentialist ethics instructs that such behavior will result in correct/incorrect behavior. Therefore, the behavior itself is not bad or bad, but it depends on the result. Non-consequentialist ethics indicates that these actions are (by themselves) good or bad, but their legality / illegal do not rely on their effect. In the theory of Consequentialism, each person has the equal share of happiness and makes more objective decision making. The focus is on the results. It suggests that the final product of this act is ideal. There are few disadvantages. Physicians have many personal concerns to measure possible discomfort as a result of certain behaviors. However, some people can evaluate morality and happiness mathematically. It is fair to judge the quality of joy is fair. Because it is truly different for everyone. Everyone is equally dependent on the submission, but this is unrealistic. The doctor prefers specific people more rights. From the point of discussion, patients must express more opinions from their families and friends. It is unrealistic to “Act Utilitarianism” because there is not enough time or opportunity to determine the moral behavior of each case. On the contrary, it is difficult to establish universal rules because each situation is different. Therefore, “Rule Utilitarianism” is also not decent.
3. If a person knows that he is rich, he can discuss ways to develop the principle that rational taxes will support, as Rolls says. It is important that the future society planner is working behind this veil of ignorance. Knowing that she is poor, she is more likely to offer the opposite principle. He can imagine situations where no one is deprived of such information to present the necessary restrictions. Interested in promoting one’s interests “wise” “is the initial position,” they agree with a fair distribution social contract for freedom and social goods. They explain the following situation for the groups of people are offering cakes (he believe everyone is very happy). Someone has to cut off the cake and divide it. Rolls says to tell those who broke that he should take the last part. By this, they insist that people cut equally, as it is the best way he can guarantee himself that he will get as much as possible. If he need to cut an irregular slide, it’s his turn when a big slide comes, and other will have the smallest slide. Behind the veil of ignorance, no one knows who they are. People lack information on classes, privileges, disadvantages and even personality. They are responsible for the creation of a new society in the sense of justice as a neutral group. As a thought expert, the reason for ignorance veil is right and fair, based on his own experience. They do not have any of this, across the veil of ignorance like race, gender, class, education, appearance, sex, occupation, family. Technically, there must be a fair society.
