The influence of a family procedure is contingent in the development of a both parent and a child. This means that the relationship between two family members often developed with time in terms of their relationship as a family. Maccoby talked on this effect in child development bi-directionally. He tinted the roles of certain factors like language development, others conception, physical growth and the autonomy during children’s interaction with the parents. In the development stage, children become able to communicate with parents and even others around them and with time, they get to contemplate others perception on their points of view. They sooner become even more noncompliance with parent’s requests (Bornstein, & Bradley, 2014). As children develop, they portray increasing emotions in their conflict with their mothers, siblings as they show an increase in understanding of both the family members and methods of comforting their siblings (Bornstein, & Bradley, 2014). These changes gives them an opportunity to coordinate their activities with other members in the family.
In the process of child development, parents are also confirmed to be undergoing changes in the family. For instance, as the child grows, parents also improve their methods of ensuring discipline prevails. Parents always respond to children’s intellectual development through increased verbal instructions and even explanations in physical demonstrations. They make responses that are more sophisticated in their verbal interaction with their children’s requests (Bornstein, & Bradley, 2014). As children mature, they likely get in a position of being influenced by petitions made by parents in the sense of fairness while parents on the other end respond to this transformation by diminishing their disciplinary actions in form of punishments. After all, older children get the understanding of mutual obligations meaning, as they grow, parents effectively adapt to disciplining their children by revoking their privileges.
The empirical study of domestic influences development of children gets complicated at best. Identification of whoever is in the family and regarding if to rely on just the direct observation on family interactions; methods of resolving inconsistencies in the mother, child, teacher, and fathers reports on children’s behavior, adaptation techniques in various cultures are some of the thorny issues in the science of family study (Deater-Deckard, & Panneton, 2017). Moreover, the changing demography in the American families is comprised of increased sizes of families raised by parents coming from different ethnic communities, single parenting families and multiple houses. In the case of medical clinicians, it sounds like an overwhelming task keeping track of the layers in a family life in the little time for patient visits. Instead of ignoring the complexity of family life, a guideline that busy clinicians offer for families to contact their family member. This is simply because partnership establishment with family members is one of the cornerstone requirement for faster recovery in pediatric patients.
Conceptualizing the Environment
Many controversies on family influence from the genetics of behavior research concerning findings that the shared environmental parameters are mostly modest or sometimes zero. (Deater-Deckard, & Panneton, 2017). This finding therefore suggests that by simply growing up in the same home matters just a little when it comes to shaping the similarities in behavior between the children in that home. It is therefore correct when one states that shared family environment are majorly based on the effects rather than measures. This shared environmental influence is said to arise in places where environments have same functionality to children in that part area.
As stated previously, the most vital lessons in environmental research is the importance of non-shared part of the environment. For one to identify the salient roles played by the environment influence in the development of psychopathology, it is critical that start with the assessment of risks that are specific to individuals since family risks such as socioeconomic disadvantages and maternal depression are so many however have shared effects.
Genetic and Family Aspects
According to nutritionists, family influence on the children are not only limited to the genetic aspects even though professionals are aware of the influence of genetics to child obesity (Deater-Deckard, & Panneton, 2017). The chances and risks of a child becoming overweight is said by the nutritionists to be mostly dependent on the family, school environment and the entire social environment as a whole. Consistent amount of data is available to prove that under non-controlling circumstances, children can regulate the quantity of food consumed. Energy requirements in the body of children is solemnly dependent on the age and activities of the child and gender. A research proves that young children of two years and below have some innate ability to regulate their level of intake simply by responding to their internal cues for safety and hunger.
As they grow and become old, the internal cues are overridden by the external cues making them to overeat in environment offering many opportunities where they can garner large portions of food and that is exactly how environment can result to child’s obesity life. The dietary pattern for children is one of the central for in them developing to become overweight. Excess of caloric intake makes the energy in them to get stored as fats. In that case, it is correct concluding that taking food with dense amount of energy is at times a risk factor for one becoming overweight since these foods leads to excess fat in the body. A preference of fruits and vegetables is consider as a protective factor.
Actual environment has been conceptualized to be obesogenic since it supports taking of excess foods and to some extent sedentary kind of behavior in many people (Sampson, 2017). A research done to adults shows that a wide range of interindividual variability when it comes to tolerance of overfeeding. Children predisposed to obesity are found to be more susceptible to the effects of intake of energy as compared to children with no family history of obesity. Parents play a very significant role in ensuring their children eat healthy foods and to a level that is predetermined when they want to avoid obesity in their children
Developmental Trends and Influences on Creativity
Family Structure and Process
Researches concerning family influence in determination of creativity is found to be in two categories specifically the family structure and family process. The relevant processes includes discipline from parents who are at times lax though still provide security for their siblings giving the opportunity to play, experiment and explore all of which are major contributors to practical and creativity in problem solving (Sampson, 2017). The structural development determinants include the size of the family and order of birth. These two variables are considered to major parts of the play in determination of the creativity level in a child. They are both good predicators of potential creativity. Children from large families seem to have high potentiality in becoming creative, probably because they have good playtime with their colleagues and lack of parental supervision in many occasions. This finding on the size of the family being a positive variable in relation to creativity a proves to be interesting since almost the reverse is true in terms of Intelligence quotient, GPA and the scholastic achievement where kids from smaller families in most cases excel.
Position of a child in the family has also proved to be an extremely predicate determinant in knowing the creativity level of a child. Sulloway obtained widespread support claiming that middle children are prone to developing rebellious personality as compared to first and last-born. This kind of character gives the middle-born children the ability to behave in a creative and unconventional way (Sampson, 2017). The firstborns often develop the need to achieve in conventional fields. Second born avoids competition in most cases with the firstborn hence they do find another niche within the family environment but since the conventional niche is already taken up by the firstborn, the simplest way for the second born to avoid this competition is to take up the unconventional niche. It is this conventional niche, which comes with the child being rebellious and creative.
Intelligence quotient and general intelligence and creativity are very distinct considering the test scores of these three aspects of life. Creativity and general intelligence are distinct in that one is likely to be seen in small families and the other in large families. The scholastic aptitude scores, children from large families presents higher scores than those from small families. The reason behind this is that children from large families are usually less stimulated towards intellectual climate as compared to children from small families (Ginsburg, 2017). This is because small families have proportionally more of the adult input tan the larger families where there may be many children but only two or at times one adult contributing.
Evidences put forward for creativity is suggestive but in the real sense less conclusive. Despite the evidences proposing middle children are more creative, eldest children are reported to have many advantages in terms of creativity right as they do in their academic accomplishments. Even though much of the research shows that elder, children’s are less creative because of their dependence and creativity. Academic success seems to flourish in small families but contrary to that, creativity flourishes in larger families. This is because children in larger families tend to spend most of their time without parents supervision hence they always employ the use of their imaginative skills to entertain themselves (Ginsburg, 2017). On the other hand, children from small families get all this from their parents who are readily available for their small number.
Families as Educational Settings
Early researches on the environmental influence on the children educational progress takes two perspectives of the whole idea. Academic results are related to the demographic characteristics like parent’s marital status and education, birth order, ethnicity and lastly socioeconomic status. Consistent and moderate relationships are reveled to exist between most of the above mentioned factors and a child’s cognitive development. Particularly, positive education results are found to exist in families where the marriage remained intact. It also revealed that well educated parents having good sources of income are possess high chance of their children being good in academic work. Psychologists and educators recently noted that group comparisons having labeled social address (Ginsburg, 2017), are always less informative than the research identifying the process underlying the group differences. Contrary to this, children raised from single parents were in many occasions found to be average or even low in academic performance. They seemed more or less demoralized and lack of concentration in their schoolwork.
A Psychoeducational Program for Parents of Dysfunctional Backgrounds
It is of great importance that one acknowledges the importance of knowledge that there is no defined pattern of parenting associated with parents coming from dysfunctional families. Dysfunctionality plays a very critical part in a family. Different effects are experienced in such families contrary to the normal family set up (Sampson, 2017). Clear instance of continuation may appear in a pattern considered almost similar to the dysfunctional family where either of the parent was raised. An example of this is in scenario where one of the parents grew up from a family where they used to be abused; there is a high probability that the affected parent will be applying the same to his or her children in a family. Such parents would be very reactive to implications of abuse and at times fail to punish or discipline their children when they abuse their colleagues.
Marital Interaction: Effects on Child Development
Literally, marital interaction has an effect on a family and child development process. Socialization traditionally focused on the parent child interactions hence neglecting the family influence like marital relations. Recently there has been a reported widespread relation between child adjustment or development and marital conflicts (Sampson, 2017). With the widespread landmark review of Robert Emery, there has been a discussion on the effects marital conflict have in the child development from such kind of a family. Children are usually affected by such kinds of politics owing to their earlier exposure to such kinds of things more so if it involves intense violence and fight. These conflicts are found to make children adjust negatively and at times, they become insecure of the family functioning leading to mental trauma and torture at the long run.
The Role of the Family in Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Changes have surrounded the attitudes towards the role of family psychiatric rehabilitation. Formerly, mental illness was believed to be contributed by family influences while in our world of today, it is believed that family partnership is very important in rehabilitation process of a patient. Family intervention in the recovery of a mentally ill patient has proven to be very effective in the coping process of such a patient as indicated by evidence-based practice. In this case, family visits in mental hospitals have been made more regular so that these patients can cope up much earlier as possible and go, reunite with the family (Bornstein, & Bradley, 2014). Besides that, their time with the patient is also increased so as to make them have quality time together because this helps the patient in healing up much faster as he craves to go back be together with everyone at home.
In conclusion, family development and parenting is such a diverse activity in our society today, which must be taken in with a keen consideration. It solemnly depends with the parents, their ability to raise good family and the natural environmental factors they create for their children. Parental beliefs, their instructions to the siblings, the general structure of the home environment and family life, and lastly the behavior of parents both outside and inside the compound are the key components considering the type of family. It is important as parents to consider the kind of family you plan to have as a couple. Despite some factors being contingent, you can always find a way of coming up with the best family ever. Family development is very fundamental and it is pleasure creating a perfect environment for best child development.
References
Bornstein, M. H., & Bradley, R. H. (Eds.). (2014). Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child development. Routledge.
Deater-Deckard, K., & Panneton, R. (2017). Unearthing the Developmental and Intergenerational Dynamics of Stress in Parent and Child Functioning. In Parental Stress and Early Child Development (pp. 1-11). Springer, Cham.
Sampson, R. J. (2017). Family management and child development: Insights from social disorganization theory. In Facts, frameworks, and forecasts (pp. 63-94). Routledge.
Ginsburg, K. (2017). The Importance of Play in Promoting Healthy Child Development and Maintaining Strong Parent-Child Bonds. American Academy of Pediatrics. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
