Performance enhancing drugs are widely used to boost the athlete abilities to increase their advantage in all the competitions they play (Savulescu et al. 2004). Currently, the international Olympic committee has eradicated the use of performance-enhancing drugs in all the sports hence enhancing fair competition in games. The players commonly used drugs, and this propagated to unfair competition thus diminishing the morale of sports worldly (Savulescu et al. 2004).
In considering these types of drugs, it revolves to have both the advantages and disadvantages of sports. These effects are maybe psychological or physical to the athletes. For example, taking into consideration the some such as the anaerobic steroids which boost the performance level of testerone that is excreted by the human (Thevis & Schänzer, 2009) body increasing the size of human muscle and helping the body to regain as first as possible. This can be administered by either through injection, as a pill, or even taken as a typical treatment by the players in sports (Ormsbee & Vukovich 2008).
Types of performance-enhancing drugs
There are different types of these drugs which are commonly used by the players to boost their performance in the field;
They are;
- 1) Anaerobic steroids
- 2) Androstenedione
- 3) Human growth hormone
- 4) Erythropoietin
- 5) Diuretics
- 6) Creatine
- 7) Stimulants
The rate of using performance-enhancing drugs which by most people is commonly referred to as the doping has both the disadvantages and advantages ( Dubin 2009).Most people believe that the positive effects are more worth than the adverse effects yet at some points this is impossible. Mostly the adverse effects tend to be more as compared to the positive results (Finnoff et al. 2010).In many cases, the young players have embarked on performance-enhancing drugs to adjust themselves to the insecurities, mainly the due pressure from their friends and more so the effects majorly negative body image issues. Anaerobic steroids mark the highest degree not leaving behind the androstenedione and also the creatine which is widely used by the most teenage (Robinson 2008).The use of these drugs by most players may be basically to improve their fitness to perform better in sports.
Let’s look the drugs mentioned above how used and some results
Androstenedione-This helps players to have hard training and also to assist them to recover quickly from the fatigue experienced during the exercise (Pope et al. 2013).
It incurs problems such as acne, low libido, a decrease in the size of the testis and also masculinization in ladies.
Human growth hormone-It is always available under prescribed conditions. It is administered by injections. The adverse effects include weakening of muscles, pain in joints and fluid retention (Wiefferink et al. 2007).
Erythropoietin-Mostly used by the players to accelerate the movement of oxygen within the muscles. It tends to be most harmful drug and can lead to death, strokes and heart attacks. It also reduces the level of water within the body tissues. This kind of medicine leads to dehydration, exhaustion, and death too (Kayser, 2005).
Creatine-Tends to be the most supplements in most of the sports by the player’s .it is always accessible by everyone and it assists the human muscles to release energy in small calculated dozes. It results in nausea, gaining weight, causing muscle cramps and damaging the kidney tissues (Thompson & Cafri 2007.
Stimulants-They lead to blood pressure, and it tends to increase the endurance, lower fatigue, and make players alert all the time. Its results include dehydration, heart disease, stroke and convulsions (Greely et al. 2008).
Positive and negative effects of performance-enhancing drugs
In Adverse effects of performance-enhancing drugs (Mah2008).
Taking performance enhancing drugs can cause;
- Loss of sponsorships to players
- Loss of player’s income
- Reducing the achievement
- Breakage into a relationship with friends and also fan
- Isolation from sports
Huge effects on emotional and psychological well being
There are different types of asteroids which are commonly used. They (Cadwallader et al. 2010) included; Anadrol, Anavar, Deca-Durabolin, dianabol, testosterone, and trenbolone.These steroids are in plenty.
Steroids tend to cause the following detrimental effects to the users;
Acne, increased aggression and mood swings due to considerable addictions to drugs, can cause low libido since it affects the reproductive organs (Hope et al. 2013). It creates liver diseases, blood pressure and also a psychological dependency, leads to increased risk of contracting Hiv viruses due to impaired judgment. Also, sharing of needles by players, in males there is infertility –increase in breast, baldness and to ladies they tend to have some male features such as deep voices, most grow hairs on their faces and on their bodies too, and lastly they may lead to damage to the fetus during pregnancies. Increment the danger of hair loss to players in time; skin break out and barrenness, increment reasons for hypertension to players, expanded odds of compulsion henceforth sedate reliance, and reasons for variations from the norm to human body organs. Giving as an example, liver cirrhosis, bosom augmentation, reasons for tumors to youthful players and when all is said in done heart and issues in blood course expanding passing rates. For the most part, doping has the accompanying adverse impacts to the human body that is liver sicknesses, kidney disorders, oily skin, and heart failures. It changes human states of mind all through like pipedreams, the increment in circulatory strain reasons for barren qualities to individuals, contracting of testicles, baldness and ultimately gynecomastia.
Taking human growth hormone has the following adverse effects;
It causes diabetes to the individual, loss of muscles, pain in joints and bone pain also. Heart diseases tend to be universal, the cause of hypertension (Brennan et al. 2013). It causes hypertension, effects on the abnormal growth of organs to the body and in general, they accelerate the osteoarthritis. This drug thickens the blood, and that’s why it leads to heart diseases, increased stoke and also the loss of cerebrum in the human body since it affects the brain tissues (Brennan et al. 2013).
Recreational drugs
Use of recreational drugs is banned in sports and players need to know that use of drugs such cannabis sativa can be dangerous to their health, the level of performance in games and also massive effects on their life in sports (Wiesing 2011). These recreational drugs increase the risk of baldness to players in time, acne and infertility. It Increases causes of hypertension to players and addiction. Therefore drug dependence, causes of abnormalities to human body organs such as liver cirrhosis, breast enlargement, causes of tumors to young players and in general heart and problems in blood circulation increasing death rates (Iversen et al. 2013). Doping has the following adverse effects on the human body that is liver diseases, kidney disorders, oily skin, and heart failure. Changes in human moods throughout like hallucinations, increase in blood pressure, causes of infertilities to human beings, shrinking of testicles, baldness and lastly gynecomastia ( Mazanov & Huybers 2010).
Positive effects of performance-enhancing drugs
In most cases, it’s good to view blood doping as a benefit than as a disaster to our players. Doping tends to increase the human body cells (Wiesing 2011) to cope with the difficulty experienced in filed which to sometimes poses challenges to the layer, and they found themselves using these performance-enhancing drugs to adjust their bodies to fit in challenging situations in the field (Stubbe et al. 2014).Performance enhancing drugs has the following benefits to the players;
- They boost and increase the endurance
By doing blood doping, it tends to quite intriguing to improve the endurance (Iversen 2013) levels of players.Endurance ’s all about the ability of a player to withstand particular activity for an extended period (Mazanov & Huybers 2010) of time without even getting fatigue. All these features are suitable for players since they require that extra energy to persevere the hard situations when in game. Doping increases the level of endurance by almost 7% and therefore improving the player’s performance in the field (Wiesing 2011).
- Helps in long distances
By doping most people who participate in long lengths or marathons can perform well (Bowers 2002).This because doping helps to improve the level of oxygen gas within the body tissues and in that case, enormous energy is generated to maintain them within the game without being tired (Donovan et al. 2002).When adequate oxygen supply to muscles, there is sufficient respiration hence no fatigue and therefore enabling athletes to complete long distances in marathons and cross countries without fail thus improved performances (Uvacsek et al. 2011).
- Improving performance
In most cases, the primary use of doping is to develop or boost the level of performance. That’s why most people are using steroids so as achieve their dreams in the field and also to reflect on the passion to the sports at large (Brand 2014).On looking to the current performance of players, there seems to improved changes from a year to a year. Every year player aspires to perform more and more .this is enhanced through better training, enhanced techniques in the field and general increased health of an athlete (Sabini & Monterosso 2005). Through doping, players can compete better and in so doing lead to improved performance in games.
- Helps to reduce oxygen depletion
Different exercises incur different levels of performance. Uses of great techniques, for example, the wrestling, marathons, skating, and skiing not forgetting cross countries, large amounts of oxygen are exhausted due to a significant amount of oxygen gas needed by human body tissues to perform the games (Morgan 2009). Therefore in all those types of games body is not in good position to cater that vast amount of oxygen that can necessitate then to happen a state that is commonly known as oxygen debt. It occurs to human body leads to anaerobic respiration within the body tissues causing the formation of lactic acids which clots in muscles causing fatigue (Evans‐Brown et al. 2009). Blood doping helps to supply an adequate level of oxygen gas to human tissues. In that manner, their body regenerates enough energy thus maintaining them to complete the games without fail therefore better performance in games (Ko & Evenden 2009).
Performance-enhancing drugs have both negative and positive effects on the users. Reductions in oxygen depletion, performance boosting, endurance and boosting in long distances from the advantageous effects of doping (Carpenter 2007) to players and the effects as mentioned above creating the adverse impact of doping on players. The rate of utilizing execution improving medications which by a great many people is ordinarily alluded to as the doping has both the detriments and preferences ( Dubin 2009).Most individuals trust that the constructive outcomes are more worth than the adverse impacts yet to a few focuses this is unthinkable.
For the most part, the negative effects tend to be more when contrasted with the positive outcomes (Finnoff et al. 2010).In numerous cases, the youthful players have left in execution improving medications to change themselves to the weaknesses, fundamentally the due weight from their companions and all the more so the impacts significantly negative self-perception issues. Anaerobic steroids denote the most astounding degree not abandoning the androstenedione and furthermore the creatine which is broadly utilized by the highest school (Robinson 2008).The utilization of these medications by most players might be essential to enhance their wellness to perform better in sports. At present, the worldwide Olympic board of trustees has destroyed the utilization of execution improving medications in every one of the games consequently upgrading reasonable rivalry in sports. Medications were regularly utilized by the players, and this proliferated to out of line rivalry consequently reducing the confidence of games common (Savulescu et al. 2004).
In considering these sorts of medications, it rotates to have both the preferences and impediments to sports. These impacts perhaps mental or physical to the competitors; or instance think about the some, for example, the anaerobic steroids which support the execution level of testerone that is discharged by the human (Thevis and Schänzer 2009) body expanding the span of human muscle and helping the body to recapture as first as could be expected under the circumstances. This can be regulated by either through infusion, as a pill, or even taken as a merely typical treatment by the players in sports.
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