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Intelligence Agencies in the United States

The key intelligence agencies in the United States of America comes under the Intelligence Community (IC). The total number of those agencies are 16 which plays role in the homeland security. The role which they are serving is providing the services in foreign policy and security on the national level. Following are the 16 agencies and their roles:

  1. Twenty-fifth Air force: This intelligence agency is also refer as Air force intelligence which serves the role of providing intelligence reports on geospatial forces and cyber expertise.
  2. United States Army Intelligence and Security Command: This agency which commonly known as INSCOM and provides the services to both national security agency and the army. Their role is to look after combats and provide information to army who are fighting wars on ground. The situation development information during war is the key role this agency.
  3. Central Intelligence Agency: The CIA reports to the homeland security and provides the information regarding the national security by serving all around the world.
  4. Coast Guard Intelligence: The key role of this intelligence agency is to provide the information to homeland and protect economic well-being of the country through providing the services on international waters.
  5. Defense Intelligence Agency: This intelligence agency provides the services by analyzing the foreign politics in term of military and provides role on the foreign military and armed assists.
  6. Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence: The key role of this IA is to provide information regarding foreign intelligence agencies.
  7. Office of Intelligence and Analysis: This intelligence agency protects the nuclear and other weapons of America and inform about the possible threat to armed assets.
  8. Bureau of Intelligence and Research: This intelligence agency serves the diplomats regarding the possible security threats to them.
  9. Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence: It analyze the use of financial funds which are spent on the terrorism activities and track down the records of those funds.
  10. Office of National Security Intelligence: It deals with all the drug related issues in the country and provide the assistance to track down drug dealers.
  11. Intelligence Branch: They provide the surveillance services by analyzing the information sharing to track down the possible threats to the national security.
  12. Marine Corps Intelligence Activity: Their key role is to provide trainings to army and to develop the doctrine, structure and education which helps the army in war time.
  13. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency: This agency provides the information of geospatial of the world by operating satellites. Additionally, they serves the security to all major events in the America.
  14. National Reconnaissance Office: This agency design and creates the satellites system which serves the purpose in giving the security to national level.
  15. National Security Agency/Central Security Service: It provides security and protection to national level data which serves the purpose of providing security to America.
  16. Office of Naval Intelligence: This agency was establish to provide security and intelligence services to naval army.
  17. After the revolutionary wars, the government of the United States of America realized that there should intelligence agencies which could provide services to the national security. Before the establishment of these agencies, the intelligence services were acquired by the private agencies and the job was related to freelance work. George Washington was the first president who took the initiative and establish it. The first agency was the CIA which grew over the period of time and served all the purpose which now is being served by almost 16 agencies. After the Second World War and civil rights movement, the intelligence community started become strong and was serving the United States. It purely depends upon the serving president the policies built by that president. After the 9/11, United States decided to have a separate institute which will serve the purpose of providing security to national and international level.
  18. National Director of Intelligence was first served as the purpose of providing services to national security which was part of national security act in 1947 but later on after 9/11, which was the major failure of providing security. It lost its place of serving the top position of 16 agencies and it still faces the controversy of not being able to provide sufficient amount of services to prevent terrorist attacks. Still, the ongoing debate is suggesting to shut it down because of its failure. The work of ODNI is still remarkable and working for security of the nation, the change is need in the policy making so that these agencies can work independently.
  19. While conducting the specific process the intelligence agency goes through several steps of intelligence to complete the project. The following are some the steps and their description:
  • Planning and Direction: It requires extensive planning and after that they decide the direction of each step which has been decided in the planning.
  • Collection: The collection of data is being done in both ways, openly and then secretly. Both types of data serves the equal amount of help in doing the project.
  • Processing: The processing step in the cycle is being according to the nature of the data. The translation and the description is being provided to that collected data through processing phase.
  • Analysis and Production: The analysis and production step in the cycle is being done by the distribution of the data to relevant tasks which will be undertook by the concerned department.
  • Dissemination: The final step is dissemination the final report to policy makers to implement those report.
  1. There are 4 significant and important types of categories of intelligence through which homeland security agencies work. Following are those categories:
  • Cyber Intelligence: This type of intelligence serves the purpose to provide security to all cyber threats.
  • Counterterrorism: All the terrorism activities are being taken care of under this category.
  • Counterprofliferatiion: This category deals with the threats related to mass destruction by using proliferation weapons.
  • Counterintelligence: The threat to national security from the national intelligence agencies are being dealt under this category.
  1. The security agency which helps in providing the security to border helps in both economic and security because it helps in stopping the illegal transportation of weapons and also it serves to stop the illegal trade through borders. The illegal flow of immigrants works in the country which effects baldy on the socio-economic condition of the country.
  2. DHS services regarding following:
  • Immigrants: They provide services to scrutinizing all the visa related issues by looking into all the applications. They provide the assurance to which person by issuing the visa keeping in view the national security.
  • Boarder Security: The provide security and look after all the movement which goes through the border. They prevent entrance of people who will be possible threat to law and order situation in the country.
  • Custom enforcement: They conduct interviews of all the people who are migrating and travelled to the country.
  1. They had built the rapid build-up of security-focused immigration policies which ensures the border movement and immigration of legitimate travelers by scrutinizing and designing the questions which in assess.
  2. There are various mode of travel to Untied States of America and different set policies help the government to protect those routes which eventually leads to strong national security. Some of the routes are as follow:
  • Road: After the incident of 9/11, all the security agencies take extra precautionary measures to facilitate the free movement by undertaking security checks on the movement through roads. The federal highway administration is responsible to provide the security.
  • Air: The Air transportation security is being provided by the Transportation security administration in the United States of America. It was established after 9/11 incident. There are screening officers on the airport which provide assessment in the custom.
  • Railroad: Federal Railway Administration is responsible to provide the security to all travel by railroad in the United States of America.
  1. The wide range of transportation mode which is being used for the movement of people and goods from one place to another. The key role by the transportation system in the country like United Sates of America which is global partner and the movement consist of people and goods from all over the world. It is the basis and most crucial requirement for the government to set the standard by prioritizing the allocation of budgets to provide security and protection. Considering all means of travel to United States of America, the risk assessment will play key role in setting the standards and help in prioritizing. Following are some of the transportation system which requires the efficiency and allocation of budget should be done accordingly:
  • Creating road space.
  • Space-efficient modes.
  • Freight rails investigation helps in assessing the commodities which are being transported.
  • Shipping security.
  • Traffic management.
  • Institutional reforms.
  • Safety and security needs.

The vulnerability of transportation mode can be violated and exploited by the terrorists which increases the chances of hazards. Along with the security, transportation needs extra care because of the climate change situation also occurring which can be a possible threat as well.

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