Victimization is a procedure that can happen whenever, wherever, and absolutely with no notice. In the majority of cases, instances of exploitation, casualties are now observed as people who somehow, intentionally or accidentally, latently or effectively, impacted their exploitation. For the victimization process, this concept is further divided into four different theories that define victimization in different ways. These theories are as follows:
Victim Precipitation Theory
Von Hentig presented this theory in 1941. In his theory he has denied victimization as a process of active and passive result of crime is offended. He also defines that by acting in certain inflammatory ways, some personalities initiate a chain of events that tip to their discrimination. According to Von Hentig, this theory is mostly applied to the victim of rape because of active and passive assumptions in the minds or pleasing one think by some actions are pre-actions. In his theory, he has defended victimization in two ways, active and passive. Inactive, criminal attack with his consent and assumptions. In passive, victims dress up in a way that criminals cross their limits and offend a crime.
Lifestyle Theory
In this theory, the writer has described the basis of all crime, and it has defined that the basis of all crime is the people’s lifestyle or the routine they followed, in this theory, he also defines that the crime cannot be offended until unless a person has excess over its needs. Because, if people are living in poverty they will not commence any crime until they can’t find the surroundings full of excessive needs people have. Most of the research in this theory applied to rape victims.
Routine Active Theory
In this theory, the writer has blamed society for victimization. In this theory, he has considered the person itself as a reason for victimization. Some reason that has been considered by the writer is, the valuable thing, going to an uncertain place or living with a high crime rate can cause this type of activity. These all causes may cause routine victimization in society.
Deviant Place Theory
This theory has the same concept as the routine activities theory, the main difference between both of them is the difference between routine activities and routine crime. In this theory, the criminal offense is due to the high crime rate in a society where people can’t stop themselves from being victimized. In this theory, the main concept is that the people are living in a society that can have a high level of crime which indirectly cause victimization among the people.
Best of All:
The best theories that have found all the characteristics are the victim perception theory, which includes all the acts of victimization and proves itself comprehensive though both sides. All other theories are from the criminal side, but the victim perception theory covers all aspects.
Psychological Theory of victimization:
The one case above all the theories which not included in the psychology of a person, which forces them to do the crime even if they are not willing to commence a crime, but they do because of their physiology. If a person has no thoughts in itself about a crime, he will never do the crime until he did not think about it. This theory covers the all above theories’ conceits and differentiates all the theories by the thoughts of one person.
