Part 1
We all have different behaviors that differ in practice or the same thing we do differently. For example, we eat food to get energy but are different in eating schedule, appetite, and food items too. It varies, either what we adopt in our life, which depends on our life learning surroundings, a company in which we mostly keep our sitting, or obviously adoption from family. Sometimes, there are undesirable behaviors, which we must remove from our daily life because they can affect our social and economic life(Nord, 1969).
Operant conditioning theory was given by B.F. Skinner in 1948. He conducted an experiment based on the experimental analysis of behavior and how different kinds of reinforcements (positive, negative, punishment, etc.) help to change behaviors. There are different behaviors that we observe in our lives and in the lives of others that we want to change. As a student, I see around me and companies mostly nowadays as Lazy.
Students are lazy; it is true that most students would never like to take the class. They feel sleepy in class but not during chatting time with their friends; they are tired of studying but not having a party all night, and there are many other things that you can observe. The main reason behind all this is their careless nature where they take everything lightly and sometimes they are neglected by the teacher due to their weaknesses. Also, there is behavior from parents, and they are unable to balance their life and routine to monitor their child who is getting worse day by day. Drug addiction is also caused by laziness because being regular to any undesirable habit can lead you to bad conditions.
We can use operant conditioning in to better our students’ condition, and it is essential to work on the student laziness it does not affect their student life only but going to make a mega impact on their future and career. They will be unable to be a good force in the market to work properly which can be the threat of future disturbance. To end this behavior, we will use some positive and negative punishment, but it will only involve psychological or activity-based punishment that develops a sense of realization in them. The laziness ending is only possible if teachers play a potential role in their development in their life because they can enforce things which they can practice or in other words they are bound to practice.
Positive reinforcement always has a great impact and mostly does not conflict with students’ desires. and it always makes things more influential because it doesn’t affect human desire. The teacher can reinforce the behavior in which they had to focus on the things which eager them to do without any force which helps to produce good output. Positive enforcement can be made if the teacher provides them with good remarks and a good attitude even if they are not doing great, but words of the teacher can change them with time. For if a student comes up with work that is done weakly but the teachers say, excellent dear, you at least tried but there is a need for improvement and do it, you are surely going to get the highest grades in it. It will be eager for the student to struggle with things, and some students can realize their potential, dominate themselves with good habits, and get more active in studies.
Some students do not care for the teacher positive incentives, and they take it lightly because they think their self as more competent or become overconfident which closes the door of success on them which teachers had to open through their negative reinforcement. For example, if positive teacher enforcement is not working the teacher should try to work on something besides their desire but force them to work on the things. If student do not work properly you should mark them with negative marks and enforce them to do so if they want to save their courses. For example, If you will not be doing work according to the criteria I will surely mark you with bad grades and also I will fail you in the finals if you give a good paper.
Punishment is not considered as a good thing to be done in terms of physical harm because it can sometimes develop the attitude of rebelling. Punishing in terms of fines etc. could help to develop a responsible attitude and continue the assignment. For example, if a student’s work is bad you ask them to rewrite the assignment with some additional things, and if it is found with the same mistakes you will be punished again. It will force them to work properly to get saved from the extra work and will give good output in their work.
This way we can help students to end out their laziness in their class work and activities in which most concerning is their submissions, which are never on time or late. The reinforcement always implies the objective of developing good behavior.
Part 2
Howard Gardner, a professor at Harvard University in the Department of Psychology, developed the theory of multiple intelligence in 1983, concerned with analyzing different abilities in one person. Mainly, it looks impossible, but they are generalized in that they include interpersonal, intrapersonal, visual-spatial, musical, logic-mathematics, Verbal-linguistic, Naturalistic, and body-kinesthetic. Different traits have been shared by this theory, which can be implemented in one person and can be inherent or developed with time(Learning Theories, 2014).
If we take a student who is a regular college student, they can be a good subject to analyze these things because they are in the phase of development and are really in-depth with different things like music, visuals, and fitness.
If we start in with interpersonal skills, It will be assessed by their relationships with people and their way of communicating with the people they interact with and we will count on whether they can develop a good connection or not. Intrapersonal skills are the demand of developing the self-capacity to live a good life, which is the main thing that is necessary to look how they react to different things in their life. If a student fails, how will he react to it? Is he feeling disheartened or is he motivated by increasing effort and will get a good result next time which will explain the motivation level. Verbal and linguistic can be analyzed for the student by the writing of the assignments and their class presentation and their questioning on the topics of how smart they are working to their self. Being natural is easy to adopt but requires time, which can be analyzed by their physical activity and where they mostly like to sit, for example, if students like to sit on the ground with greenery, it means that they like gardens around them and love to sit in the natural environment. Music taste matters, which can be known if you give them the task of singing a song; the lyrics they will sing explain their taste in music. Their daily routine and diet can explain the body’s kinesthetic. If they do walk or running it will keep them fit and help to develop their self. Visualization is mattered that what kind of picture for their self they like to take. Either they like to be alone in the picture or like to be in the group which will explain their nature of being extroverted or introverted too. Being logical cannot be analyzed from just one term, but if we have to analyze it in students, we have to look out for their submissions, their class debate, and their approaches towards themselves as per critical thinking (Gardner & Hatch, 1989).
References
Gardner, H., & Hatch, T. (1989). Educational Implications of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Educational Researcher, 18(8), 4–10. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018008004
Learning Theories. (2014, July 17). Multiple Intelligences Theory (Gardner). Retrieved February 8, 2018, from https://www.learning-theories.com/gardners-multiple-intelligences-theory.html
Nord, W. R. (1969). Beyond the teaching machine: The neglected area of operant conditioning in the theory and practice of management. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4(4), 375–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(69)90017-8
