PART 1
We all have different behaviors which differ in practice either the same thing we do differently. For example, we eat food to get energy but are different in eating schedule, our appetite, and food items too. It varies either what we adopt in our life which depends on our life learning in surroundings, company in which we mostly keep our sitting and obviously adoption from family. Sometimes there are behaviors which are undesirable which we require to remove from our daily life because they can be affecting our social and economic life(Nord, 1969).
Operant conditioning theory was given by the B.F Skinner in 1948 by conducting an experiment which was based on the experimental analysis on the behavior that how different kinds of reinforcements (positive, negative, punishment, etc.) helps out to change the behaviors. There are different behaviors which we even observe in our life which we want to change and in the life of others. As a student, I see around me and in companies mostly nowadays is Lazy.
Students are lazy; it is world truth fact where majority student would never like to take the class. They feel sleepy in class but not in chatting time with the friends; they are tired to study but not to have a party all night and many other things which you can observe. The main reason which is behind all this is their careless nature where they take everything light and sometimes they are neglected by the teacher due to their weaknesses. Also, there is behavior from parents, and they are unable to balance their life and routine to monitor their child who is getting worse day by day. Drug addiction is also caused by becoming lazy because being regular to any undesirable habit can lead you to the bad condition.
We can use operant conditioning in it to better out student condition, and it is essential to work on the student laziness it does not affect their student life only but going to make a mega impact on their future and career. They will be unable to be a good force in the market to work properly which can be the threat of future disturbance. To end out this behavior, we will use some positive, negative and punishment but it will only involve the psychological or activity base punishment which develops in them a sense of realization. The laziness ending is only possible if teachers play a potential role in their development in their life because they can enforce things which they can practice or in other words they are bound to practice.
Positive reinforcement always having great impact and it is mostly not conflicting with the desire of students, and it always makes the things more influential because it doesn’t affect human desire. The teacher can reinforce the behavior in which they had to focus the things which eager them to do without any force which helps to produce to have good output. The positive enforcement can be made if the teacher provides them with good remarks and good attitude even if they are not doing great, but words of the teacher can change them with time. Like if student come up with the work which is done weakly but teachers say excellent dear, you at least tried but there is need of improvement and do it, you are surely going to get highest grades in it. It will be eager the student struggle out with the things, and some students can realize their potential and dominate their self with good habits and get more active in studies.
Some students do not care for the teacher positive incentives, and they take it lightly because they think their self as more competent or become overconfident and closes the door of success on them which teachers had to open by their negative reinforcement. For example, if positive teacher enforcement is not working so the teacher should try to work some other which besides their desire but force them to work on the things. Like student does not work properly you should mark them with negative marks and enforce them to do if they want to save their courses. For example, If you will not be doing work according to the criteria I will surely mark you with bad grades and also I will fail you in the finals either you give a good paper.
Punishment, as it is not considered as a good thing to be done in term of physical harming because it can sometimes develop the attitude of rebelling. Punishing in terms with fine etc. could help to develop a responsible attitude continuing the assignment example here if student work is bad you ask them to rewrite the assignment also with some additional things and if it would be founded with same mistakes you will be punished again on it. It will force them to work properly to get save from the extra work and will give good output in their work.
This way we can help students to end out their laziness in their class work and activities in which most concerning is their submissions which are never on time or be late. The reinforcement always implies with objective of developing good behavior
PART 2
Howard Gardner, who was a professor of Harvard University in the Department of Psychology came up with the theory of multiple intelligence in 1983, which are concerning to analyze a different kind of abilities in one person. Mainly it looks impossible but they are generalized in which it includes interpersonal skills, intrapersonal skills, visual-spatial, musical, logic- mathematics, Verbal-linguistic, Naturalistic and Body Kinesthetic. There are different traits which been shared by this theory which can be implemented in one person can be inherent or developed with time(Learning theories, 2014).
If we take a student, who is regular college going student can be a good subject to analyze these things because they are in the phase of development and are really in depth with the different things like music, visuals and also fitness.
If we start in with interpersonal skills, It will be assessed by their relationships with people and way of communication with the people they interact in which we will count if they can develop a good connection or not. Intrapersonal skills are the demand of developing the self-capacity to live a good life in which the main thing which is necessary to look how they react to different things in their life. If a student gets fail how will be he reacting to it. Is he feeling dishearten or he is motivated by increasing effort and will get a good result next time which will explain the motivation level. Verbal and linguistic can be analyzed for the student by the writing of the assignments and their class presentation and their questioning on the topics that how smart they are working to their self. Being natural is something which is easy to adopt but requires time which can be analyzed by their physical activity and where they mostly like to sit, for example, if students like to sit in the ground with greenery means that they like gardens around them and love to sit in the natural environment. Music taste matters which can be known through if you give them task to sing a song, the lyrics they will sing explain their taste in music. Their daily routine and diet can explain the body kinesthetic if they do walk or running it will keep them fit and help to develop their self. Visualization is mattered that what kind of picture for their self they like to take either they like to be alone in the picture or like to have in the group which will explain their nature of being extrovert or introvert too. Being logical is not something which can be analyzed from just one term, but if we have to analyze it in student, we have to look out their submissions, their class debate and their approaches towards their self as per critical thinking.(Gardner & Hatch, 1989)
References
Gardner, H., & Hatch, T. (1989). Educational Implications of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Educational Researcher, 18(8), 4–10. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018008004
Learning Theories. (2014, July 17). Multiple Intelligences Theory (Gardner). Retrieved February 8, 2018, from https://www.learning-theories.com/gardners-multiple-intelligences-theory.html
Nord, W. R. (1969). Beyond the teaching machine: The neglected area of operant conditioning in the theory and practice of management. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4(4), 375–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(69)90017-8
