Introduction
A criminal justice system is the set of rules and regulations to protect the community members and their property. The system examines which activity is against the law and which event is considered as an offence to community members. Those who are involved in such activities would be held punishable regarding fine, imprisonment or community service. Australia has a total of 9 legal systems. Eight of them are associated with territory system, and one of them is associated with the federal system. The administration of courts mostly occurs in territories and states. Among all the criminal laws of Australia, region and state rules are the laws that primarily govern the daily life of Australian people.
To maintain the law and order situation of the countries, all societies develop systems through universal or legislation laws. At the time of colonisation, Australia developed its criminal justice system. From that time, Australian judges have applied, interpreted and developed these laws. Like this, All the territories and states have their criminal justice systems. Because of this, the practical implications of these laws in different countries and regions are also different. To ensure better criminal justice system, Australian mainly focused on the state rules and regulations. In Australia, cases process in three distinct phases, the investigative component, the adjudicative component and correctional or penal component.
Two groups have the significant influence on the criminal process. The politicians and those who are working in the media organisations. Politicians can affect the criminal process more directly then the people working in the media organisations by passing laws like truth in sentencing that increases the number of people in prison. The primary purpose of the media is to educate and inform public about crimes and the criminal justice system. With the help of advertisements, news and crime reality shows, people get to know how an offender will be treated in Australia and how criminal justice system of Australia works.
Problem Statement
Juvenile delinquency is used to refer a child whose behaviour is consistently mischievous and disobedient. In other words, one can say that Juvenile delinquency involves a minor child with age range between 10 to 17 years indulging in illegal activities (Bartollas et al., 2017). Another word for juvenile delinquency is juvenile offending. One of the reports from Australian Bureau of Statistics shows that in the year 2015-2016 number of children between the ages of 10 to 17 years involved in cases of theft, drugs and public order offences. Most of the children they come in front of the court have a history of Trauma, abuse and neglect. More than 5000 children per year had their first contact with the Juvenile Justice system (Australian Burea of Statistics). The treatment that they get made a high impact on their personality. Sometimes they do not indulge again in such type of activities, and occasionally they still indulge in criminal activities. People who are innocent but got punishment, this punishment can either turn them into criminals or take their own life.
Methodology
Methodology for this paper is on a secondary basis. Literature has been provided that supports the problem statement. Research is qualitative.
Discussion
The diagram below shows the criminal justice system operation flow chart in Australia. It reveals the breakdown of the process, how a case will be processed in an Australian Justice system.
(Australian Burea of Statistics)
Kalief Browder is one of the most talks about a case in recent times. Kalief was a 22-year-old boy that was apprehended in the case of robbery that he did not commit. He spent three years on Rikers Island. He got arrested in spring 2010, at the age of sixteen.
Browder was born to a drug-addicted mother and was placed into child protective services at birth. He was youngest of his other siblings and one of the five siblings that were given away on the basis for adoption. Before the arrest in case of robbery, browden was charged with third-degree grand larceny on the fact that explained he was involved in the theft of a truck that according to him was never robbed but used as enjoyment as a ride.
It was a day of 15th May 2010 when the police apprehended Browder and his friend in the 18th east street in the Bronx. Browden said he and his friend were on their way to their home after the party they attended. Pn their way back a police car approached them, and the policeman said he was involved in a robbery that was reported earlier by the victim of that theft that two black guys robbed him. Now policeman first said the theft took place sometimes before they got arrested after a sometime policeman told that robbery took place couple of weeks back. Policeman changed his statement because the victim of the theft Mr Bautista, who was sitting in the back seat of the car identified them as thieves. Although the dates provided by the Bautista changed on different occasions in the case. Policeman arrested both, Browden and his friend, by saying that this is routine check, they will be on their way back after an hour or so. For 17hours browden was questioned and the very next day he was charged with robbery and assault. Because he was on a probation period, he did not get out, but his friend was set free on the first day of arrest. The policeman said for his bail he has to pay $3000, which apparently his family could not afford.
Browden was imprisoned at the Rikers Island. Other inmates who were there and serving their sentence used to wash their clothes on their own with the help of soap. Most of the inmates were talking about the crimes they did and with whom. This was undoubtedly not what Browden had in his mind. So he did not make any friendships with anyone. His mother uses to come every weekend and brought clean clothes for him and took back the dirty clothes. Along with clothes his mother uses to give him some money so that he can buy himself some snacks, but this could make him a target for other prisoners in the prison as they do not have the money.
After 258 days of his arrest browden appeared in front of the court where the defence had submitted his notices of readings. O’ Meara was the lawyer appointed for the case of Browden because they were not that much well off that they can afford their lawyer. Browden told the whole scenario to the lawyer with conitnuos saying that he is innocent. The lawyer said if he found criminal court will sentence him for 3.5 years. In all the 965 days he imprisoned in prison he appeared in eight different judges until he was set free on March 13th, 2013.
During his imprisonment, he was very depressed and even tried to hang himself in prison. Because he was not able to cope with the situation he was going through. The whole situation got on his nerves, and the point came where he wanted to end his life and get himself release out of this imprisonment. In November 2013, he again attempted suicide and was placed at the St Barnabas hospital. He was trying deaths because the experience he had with the courts and the life he spends in the prison was not making him able to concentrate on his family or in the career and on the education. At the end of June 6, 2015, he hung himself and put himself out of his misery.
Findings
From the above case, from my point of view, it is the inefficiency of the court that is entirely responsible for the death of Browden. Of course, the atmosphere is one of the leading concerns, in this case, another inmate of the prison makes a high impact on the personality of another inmate. In the case of Browden, the atmospheres r the jail in which he was serving his sentence and the amount of pressure he was putting on himself he tried many times for suicide. This entirely is possible that the victim of that robbery My Bautista misjudged Browden. There should have been a thorough investigation conducted on this case, as the dates mentioned by the Bautista in the case were not the exact dates if he was so obvious that these were guys who robbed him. He should have said the correct time. Loss of a life is never right. Because of the life period, he served in prison has impacted so sorry on the mental and physical health of Browden that he preferred suicide over living in a society. Society degrades a person who commits a crime but what if that person is innocent. Do they believe him except his parents? This is one of the questions that remain in the minds of every individual who knows about the case. Court systems should be more accurate and should punish those who are guilty.
Juvenile Justice System of Australia
Three systems of juvenile justice are there in the Young Offender Act 1993 (SA) South Australia.two of them are tiers of pre-court diversion are applicable where the first offender admits to the alleged offending. When charges have been laid, youth court determines and hear matters which are in Dispute, no matter big or small, alleged repeat offending, breacher of obligation etc. One of the latest findings of the government of Australia says that 53 % of the people who got their first punishment will likely to return before the age of 18. Young people aged 10 to 17 years were under youth justice supervision in Australia on an average day in 2015- 2016. Most of the young people are male. Six months is the average period of control during 2015 – 2016.
Penalties for Juvenile Offenders
Juveniles who are in the age of between 12 to 17 years who commits an offence are penalised under the juvenile criminal law. This law can also be applied to adults of a period of 18 to 22 years. Those juveniles who are less than the age of 12 years, there is no prosecution for such cases. In these cases, the police will talk to the parents of the children so that they can take corrective measures. In such cases, it is highly likely that parent sends their children to the youth care office where they will be provided with sufficient counselling that they might need.
A juvenile that commits minor crimes may be reffed to the HALT juvenile crime prevention programme. This provides them with the opportunity to do right about the things they have done wrong in the past. For instance apologies to the victims to whom offence they have made. In case if the juvenile does not apologise the fact referred to the public prosecutor that may result in the prosecution. Another alternative to the youth would be doing the community services which is unpaid work. Juveniles who are in the age of between 16 to 17 years if they make an offence they will get imprisonment of two years. The maximum sentence for the juvenile of age between 12 to 15 years is one year. Some of the youths require counselling so that they can never return to the same phase where they made an offence. Other penalties include paying out a fine or damages or getting their scooter or something that they use on a regular basis.
It has been found evidence that young juvenile was once involved in the maltreatment they had from the child protection services in Australia. This shows the how and they treat children which ultimately results in these children engaged in such activities that might end up their career and life in future. Child protection services have a sole purpose of ensuring the protection of the child in every possible way. However, this study has shown that they did not fulfil their mission. This is one of the reasons that young offenders keep on committing crimes after they get released from the prison (Malvaso et al., 2017).
Court Process for Juvenile
When police decide to bring forward the child into the court, the court proceeds by way of arrest or by court attendance notice. The rate at which these mechanisms are used varies according to the jurisdiction. For example, in Queensland 2/3 of all,l the children brought forward by way of arrest and 1/3 by way of summons. In most of the jurisdictions, they keep stats on the number of the criminal matter heard in which children s involved. It has often been considered that young females are considered being treated leniently under juvenile justice systems, but evidence has found that shows that they are treated with the same procedures and the same type of punishments that young male incurs (Gilmore & Manning, 2015). Many jurisdictions keep a record of most dangerous offences in which children are involved in more than one case. Most of the Juvenile instances are heard by the magistrate rather than by the child specialist courts. However, some of the facts are also heard at the supreme court or district courts as well.
According to the report published by the Australian government that says that detention makes the criminal to criminalise more. It has also been told that detainees if learned to play, get themselves released earlier then the original sentence and commit the crimes again. It has been found evident in the society of NSW. There are some children for whom detention is the last thing they want. For the government has rehabilitation programs as well that will help them make them stronger from the inner side so that when they get out of the prison, they will not indulge in criminal activities. It has been found evident that In juvenile justice systems courts demolish the human rights, in fact, violates human rights. During their procedural things going on in the courts they do violates human rights of the juvenile (Cunneen et al., 2016).
The current scenario of youth incarceration and youth suicides refers to the need to look at the policies of the youth incarceration and rehabilitation. According to the report published by Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, explained that on any given night around 1000 young people are in possession of the Australian youth detention centres. From those 1000 people, 2/3 people are waiting for their sentence. It has also been said that from the period of 2008 to 2012 number of youth detention who did not get any sentence were increased from 85 to 114 (Sheehan & Reed, 2017). However, this rate reduced down to 12.8% in 2016 (Australian Bureau of Statistics).
Conclusions
This paper examined the impact of court systems have on the Juvenile. The case represented in this study was of an African American guy who got apprehended with false accusations and after being released from the prison committed suicide. Active court systems will ensure that justice is served on equality basis. No one is getting discriminated on any basis. There have been many cases in Australia in which rehabilitation programs have changed their lives, but there have been many other cases as well in which juveniles treated severely which increases their likelihood of committing crimes more. Child protection services should take notice of such activities so that such criminal activities will be reduced down. There have been cases in which courts have violated human rights of the criminals.
Although it has often been said that criminals do not possess any leverage on the humanitarian ground but human rights departments of Australia ensures that whatever the crime is he/ she must be provided with human rights. It’s their right. Every case should be viewed thoroughly so that no other man like Browden will commit suicide due to the injustice was done with him. Although from the reports from the Australian Bureau of statistics have shown that the number of juvenile crimes has reduced down to good ratio if compared with the previous years. Effective and efficient court systems and procedures will be of great help in reducing the crime rates if prisoners will be treated in a right way so that they can change their lives with proper counselling from the government departments.
References
Bartollas, C., Schmalleger, F., & Turner, M. G. (2017). Juvenile delinquency. Pearson.
Cunneen, C., Goldson, B., & Russell, S. (2016). Juvenile justice, young people and human rights in Australia. Current Issues Crim. Just., 28, 173.
Gilmore, J., & Manning, L. (2015). ” BOYS WILL BE BOYS… BUT WHAT ABOUT THE GIRLS: A GENDER PERSPECTIVE ON JUVENILE JUSTICE.
Malvaso, C. G., Delfabbro, P. H., & Day, A. (2017). The child protection and juvenile justice nexus in Australia: A longitudinal examination of the relationship between maltreatment and offending. Child abuse & neglect, 64, 32-46.
Sheehan, M., & Reed, C. (2017). Can we learn anything from boot camps? An evidence-based response to the challenges of Youth Justice in Queensland.
