Nutrition and its Types Essay
Introduction
For growth and development, making of energy, and reproduction, the human body requires molecules that are ingested in food, digested, and broken down into essential parts utilized by the body, these particles are what are referred to as nutrients. Nutrients are classified into two major categories, that is, micronutrients and macronutrients. Macronutrients are the molecules that the body requires in large amounts; they are comprised of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats (lipids). The macronutrients are digested and broken down into essential parts which are utilized by the body. Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides such as glucose. Proteins are converted to amino acids while fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. Macronutrients are obtained from different sources; carbohydrates can be obtained from foods like grains, cereals, and potatoes. Proteins are derived from meat, beans, and eggs while fats can be obtained from butter and oils (Litchford, 2014).
Macronutrients are utilized by the body for immediate energy needs.
Among the three macronutrients, carbohydrates are utilized by the body for immediate body energy needs. The basic unit of carbohydrate that is used by the body is a monosaccharide known as glucose (Litchford, 2014). Glucose is converted into energy which is required by the body to support its functions and physical activity. Carbohydrates can be further classified into two main categories, that is, simple and complex carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates are comprised of sugars found naturally in milk, fruits, and vegetables whereas complex carbohydrates consist of foods rich in fiber such as cereals, whole grains, and legumes (Bender, 2014).
What happens to the excess macronutrients?
Most often, we usually ingest more macronutrients than our bodies require. When excess macronutrients than what our body needs are ingested, the body uses several mechanisms which convert the excess nutrients for storage in cells and muscles. For carbohydrates, the excess glucose is immediately converted into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscle cells. When excess fats are ingested that are required by the body, the excess triglycerides are stored in fat cells known as adipocytes. In case of excess proteins, the amino acid is converted into either fats or glucose for storage.
Energy utilization during starvation
During periods of severe defiance in nutrient intake, the body starts utilizing its energy stores to support life. At first, the body breaks down the stored glycogen in the liver and muscles into glucose, after the glycogen stores are depleted the body starts decomposing the stored fats into glycerol and fatty acids. If starvation continues, the body’s fat reserves are exhausted, and the body switches to proteins as its source of energy. The primary sources of proteins broken down are the muscle which results in wasting and weight loss (Li, Chen, & Gibson, 2013).
Advice to somebody with High fat, low carb, and high protein
A balanced diet is vital for one’s health and well-being, in a case where a person has a high fat and protein intake and low carbohydrate intake, I would advise them to observe a balanced intake of macronutrients. The person should increase the number of cereals and grains ingested they should also raise their fruit consumption as these are the primary sources of carbohydrates. On the other hand, the person should reduce their meat, eggs, and different protein sources intake; they should also reduce the number of oils and butter ingested as these are critical sources of fats. These practices will significantly improve their health status ensuring that their bodies have all the macronutrients required and in the right proportions.
