The victim study dates back to the early 1940s when Hans von Hentig developed the first breakdown of the relationship between criminals and their victims. Hentig’s theory was that his victim was the blame and the guilty. In many cases, eleven types of victim crossing developed for victims and psychologically challenged young people, the elderly, women, migrants, minorities, mental illness or mental illness, lonely, and victims of other victims. Benjamin Mendelson, who claimed to be the first person to investigate the victim case in 1960, worked on relationships with rape victims and attacks. He developed a type of victim, including an innocent victim, he did not fully know the possibility of becoming a victim.
It requires violence and violence to be used to use reliable sources of crime. Details of crime reports include sources of crime, frequency, populations that affect them, and the relationship between criminals and victims. In this analysis, the focal point makes a review of the main sources of crime data, as well as the terms and theories of the victim. The analysis will also look at the trends and consequences of victims of crime. The main crime figures in the United States are the National Incident Reporting System (NIBRS) and the EU Crime Reports (UCR) (Source of the Crime Sources, 2009). NIBRS reports on the arrests of all crimes. The NIBRS reports on these crime factors as the nature of victims of crimes and offenses, their relationships, the weapons used, and the crime scene. Other types of information include injuries and catches in relation to the incident. On the other hand, Misuse of Crime Reports (UCR) is used to commit crimes for political decision-making. The types of crimes reported by UCR include robbery, murder, rape, theft, attack, and theft under conflicting circumstances.
The victim is the result of a person or organization’s deliberate actions to use, prevent or deny others, or to unlawfully or unlawfully destroy or destroy other property or property. Latin sacrifices mean “sacrificial animal”, but the victim succeeded in covering a range of goals, for example, “I”, another person, home, work, state, or environment. Criminal crime is usually a criminal or civil law violation, but it is not necessary to overcome the law. The loss can include psychological/emotional damage, physical or sexual injury, or economic loss.
One of the main victim data sources is the Crime Equality Report (UCR). The Executive Investigation Bureau (FBI) has been UCR since 1930; In the United States, this is the longest data collection. UCR provides a complete criminal census of personal offenses and property based on the standardized definitions collected from jurisdictions in every 50 states; Washington, DC., and Puerto Rico. The number of crimes is reported to the regions, states, counties, cities, and towns, as well as the whole country. UCR participation is voluntary, and more than 17,000 city, county, and state law enforcement bodies account for about 94% of the total United States population.
UCR infringements fall into two categories: crimes related to Part I and Part II. Category I crimes refer to indexing offenses and include more serious crimes, divided into violence and property categories. Part I is violent crimes than murder and homelessness, violent rape, robbery, and intense attack. Part I property crimes – theft, stealing, molestation, and optimism of the cars. Part II crimes are more serious crimes, including simple attacks, drug-related crimes, and any offenses. In 1992, the FBI began informing hate crimes. It also collects the most reliable, timely data on the scope and nature of the guides, UCR Presidency Reports.
The UCR utility is measuring the “true” victim size is limited, as it looks at a dark crime figure; That is, it covers only recognized and recognized crimes of practitioners and reflects them in official crime statistics. The agency’s reporting methods, such as manipulation problems through the manipulation or reporting of offenses, are also part of the UCR. Other disadvantages are the lack of information about the victim or the crime.
Critics provide some important shortcomings in NCVS as a means of calculating crime statistics. The various crimes, including under the NKVD, do not report workplace or homeless crimes or victim crimes. The second criticism, of the survey methodology, is that the NCVS is exposed to the widespread problems of criminal justice questionnaires that may be used by participants of past events. The third issue is that the survey method proves some of the crimes that they consider, according to the victim, that they are guilty. In order to overcome these problems, a redesign was carried out in 1997 to develop the NCVS as a survey tool.
References
Hindelang, M. J., Gottfredson, M. R., & Garofalo, J. (1978). Victims of personal crime: An empirical foundation for a theory of personal victimization. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
Hope, T., Bryan, J., Trickett, A., & Osborn, D. R. (2001). The phenomena of multiple victimization: The relationship between personal and property crime risk. British Journal of Criminology, 41, 595–617.
Jansson, K. (2008). British crime survey—Measuring crime for 25 years. Retrieved from http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110218135832/rds.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs07/bcs25.pdf
Johnson, H., Ollus, N., & Nevala, S. (2007). Violence against women: An international perspective. New York: Springer.
S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2005). Criminal victimization, 2004. Washington, DC: Author.
