Victimization is a procedure that can happen whenever, wherever, and absolutely with no notice. In the majority of cases, instances of exploitation, casualties are now observed as people who somehow, intentionally or accidentally, latently or effectively, impacted their exploitation. For the victimization process, this concept is further divided into four theories that define victimization differently. These theories are as follows:
Victim Precipitation Theory
Von Hentig presented this theory in 1941. In his theory, he has denied victimization as a process of active and passive results of crime. He also defines that by acting in certain inflammatory ways, some personalities initiate a chain of events that lead to their discrimination. According to Von Hentig, this theory is mostly applied to the victim of rape because of active and passive assumptions in the minds or pleasing one thinks by some actions are pre-actions. In his theory, he has defended victimization in two ways, active and passive. Inactive, criminal attack with his consent and assumptions. In passive, victims dress up in a way that criminals cross their limits and offend a crime.
Lifestyle Theory
In this theory, the writer has described the basis of all crime, and it has defined that the basis of all crime is the people’s lifestyle or the routine they follow; in this theory, he also defines that the crime cannot be offended until unless a person has excess over its needs. Because if people are living in poverty, they will not commit any crime until they can’t find the surroundings full of excessive needs people have. Most of the research in this theory applied to rape victims.
Routine Active Theory
In this theory, the writer has blamed society for victimization. In this theory, he has considered the person itself as a reason for victimization. Some reason that has been considered by the writer is, the valuable thing, going to an uncertain place or living with a high crime rate can cause this type of activity. All these factors may cause routine victimization in society.
Deviant Place Theory
This theory has the same concept as the routine activities theory, the main difference between both of them is the difference between routine activities and routine crime. In this theory, the criminal offense is due to the high crime rate in a society where people can’t stop themselves from being victimized. In this theory, the main concept is that the people are living in a society that can have a high level of crime, which indirectly causes victimization among the people.
Best of All:
The best theory that has found all the characteristics is the victim perception theory, which includes all the acts of victimization and proves itself comprehensive through both sides. All other theories are from the criminal side, but the victim perception theory covers all aspects.
Psychological Theory of Victimization:
The one case above all the theories that are not included in the psychology of a person forces them to commit a crime even if they are not willing to commence a crime, but they do because of their physiology. If a person has no thoughts about a crime, he will never commit the crime until he thinks about it. This theory covers the conceits of all the above theories and differentiates all the theories by the thoughts of one person.
